摘要
水稻是海南省最主要的粮食作物之一,然而海南耕地面积少、稻谷总产低,粮食自给压力大,培育优质高产抗逆水稻品种、提高水稻总产量是保障海南粮食安全的重要途径。本研究以2003-2021年期间通过海南省审定的水稻品种为材料,对产量、米质、抗性等农艺性状的年际间变化、品种分布频率以及性状间的相关性等进行分析,解析海南品种的基本特性。2003-2021年海南省审定水稻品种384个,品种类型主要为杂交籼稻品种,占71.3%;审定品种的区试和生试产量水平表明海南水稻单产水平不高;每穗粒数在110~160粒的中小穗型居多;稻瘟病抗性或白叶枯病抗性水平有待提高,双抗品种的占比不到0.5%;直链淀粉含量偏高,年际间呈现缓慢下降的趋势,达到食用籼稻品质一级~三级的水稻品种占比约为24%,米质水平整体上较一般。基于此,在海南水稻的产量提升、品种抗性和米质改善等方面,都需要种质的创新和突破,培育优良水稻新品种。另外,还可修订水稻品种审定的标准、加强水稻栽培研究和推广方面的力度等来促进海南水稻生产水平的提升。
Rice is one of the most important food crops in Hainan province,China.However,Hainan has a small cultivated area and low total rice yield,which results in great pressure of food self-sufficiency.Breeding elite rice varieties and improving rice yield are important to ensure food security.Based on the panel data of rice varieties that are officially approved in Hainan province from 2003 to 2021,the datasets at fourteen traits including rice yield,disease resistance and rice quality were analyzed.Out of 384 rice varieties that were approved in Hainan province in the past 19 years,hybrid rice varieties accounted for approximately 71.3%.The yield production of the varieties in regional trials and production trials in Hainan was relatively low.In terms of specific traits,these varieties were mainly with 110-160 grains per panicle,which might be characteristic due to local climate.A large proportion of the varieties were susceptible to blast or bacterial blight,while less than 0.5% varieties are simultaneously resistant to both diseases.The amylose content of the varieties was relatively high,but a slowly decreasing trend was observed in the varieties approved in recent years.Only about 24% of the rice varieties reached the third grade(or above)of the indica rice quality,implying an overall poor quality.Therefore,breeding for new elite rice varieties via germplasm innovation to improve the yield,pathogenic resistance and quality is required in Hainan province.In addition,improving industrial rice production in Hainan province might benefit from actions such as revising registration standard for rice variety,strengthening researches on rice cultivation and extension of elite rice varieties.
作者
虞国平
程子硕
杜婷婷
杨长登
王州飞
黄智波
郑安福
方晶璟
季芝娟
YU Guo-ping;CHENG Zi-shuo;DU Ting-ting;YANG Chang-deng;WANG Zhou-fei;HUANG Zhi-bo;ZHENG An-fu;FANG Jing-jing;JI Zhi-juan(National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572025;China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006;Seed Station of Hainan Province,Haikou 571100;Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab,Sanya 572025;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1065-1074,共10页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院“南繁专项”(YBXM06)
三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87)
海南省科技专项(ZDYF2023XDNY086)
海南省崖州湾种子实验室项目(B21HJ0218)。
关键词
海南省
水稻
审定品种
产量
抗病性
米质
Hainan province
rice
varieties certified
yield
disease resistance
rice quality
