摘要
河水重金属污染一直是环境污染防治领域的热点。秦岭某地石煤矿区陈家沟河水中重金属含量严重超标,但重金属来源不明,为污染治理带来困扰。为了查明陈家沟河水中重金属来源和时空变化情况,采集了2期河水、废弃石煤矿硐排水、废渣堆淋溶水等地表水样品,采用污染指数法、主成分分析法和Pearson相关性分析方法,研究河水中重金属污染程度、空间分布,并对河水中重金属来源进行了解析。研究表明,陈家沟源头河水(对照点)重金属含量可以达到地表水的Ⅰ类标准,中游受废弃石煤矿矿硐排水及废渣堆淋溶水的影响,河水中重金属含量显著升高,汇入干流前河水中重金属含量是对照点的3.5~312倍;河水中Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn等重金属元素同源,均来源于矿硐排水、废渣淋溶水。河水中重金属含量的空间分布与地质体、污染源分布以及河水pH、盐度等因素有关。研究结果可为陈家沟河水重金属污染防治提供科学依据。
River water heavy metal pollution has always been a hot spot problem in the field of environmental pollution prevention and control.The heavy metal content in the water of the Chenjiagou river in a stone coal mining area in Qinling exceeded the standard seriously,but the source of heavy metals was unknown,which caused trouble for pollution control.In order to find out the source and temporal and spatial changes of heavy metals in the Chenjiagou river,surface water samples such as Phase II river water,waste stone coal mine drainage and waste residue pile leaching water were collected,and the pollution index method,principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to study the degree and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in river water,and the sources of heavy metals in river water were analyzed.The results show that the heavy metal content of the river water at the source of Chenjiagou(control point)can reach the Class I standard of surface water,and the heavy metal content in the middle reaches is significantly increased by the drainage of waste stone coal mines and the leaching water of waste residue pile in the middle reach,and the heavy metal content in the river water before entering the main stream is 3.5~312 times that of the control point;the heavy metals such as Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,and Mn in the river water are homologous,all from the mine drainage and waste residue leaching water in the upper reaches of the river.The spatial distribution of heavy metal content in river water is related to geological bodies,pollution source distribution,river pH,salinity and other factors.The research results provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Chenjiagou river.
作者
龚慧山
徐友宁
陈华清
柯海玲
GONG Huishan;XU Youning;CHEN Huaqing;KE Hailing(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Typical Mine Geological Environment Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《西北地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期169-184,共16页
Northwestern Geology
基金
陕西省重点研发计划“秦巴山区金属矿产开发引发生态环境污染综合治理关键技术与示范”(2023-ZDLSF-63)
中国地质调查局项目“安康蒿坪河流域石煤矿区生态修复支撑调查与监测”(DD20230457)联合资助。
关键词
石煤矿
河水重金属污染
时空变化
来源分析
影响因素
stone coal mine
river water is polluted by heavy metals
space-time changes
source analysis
influencing factors
