摘要
本文全面总结分析了国内外关于红树林在消浪(波)弱(缓)流、抵御风暴潮灾害、防风,以及减轻海啸灾害和适应海平面上升等领域的研究进展。结果表明,100 m宽度的红树林带可消减13%~66%的海浪波高,每千米宽度的红树林带可将风暴潮最高水位消减4~48 cm,数百米宽度的红树林可以使海啸引起的淹没深度降低5%~30%。红树林植被密度、植被带的宽度、植被形态特征、地形与高程等因素是影响其减灾功能的关键因素。红树林减灾作用机理研究和定量评估方法主要包括基于现场观测数据分析、物理模型试验和数值模拟3类方法。众多学者开展了红树林对水体流动的拖曳力系数研究,模拟了红树林中的水体运动的波流运动模型。然而,目前红树林减灾功能的现场观测数据仍然偏少,物理模型试验和数值模型中采用的红树模型较为简单,对不同种类红树林的复杂特征以及植被柔性作用的考虑尚显不足,需要进一步研究。此外,红树林保护修复应该充分考虑生态和减灾协同增效的因素,构建基于自然解决方案的海岸综合防护体系,提出红树林生态系统修复的优化布局。
This study provides a comprehensive summary of mangroves′hazard mitigation functions,including attenuating ocean waves,reducing storm surges,dissipating wind speeds,protecting the coast against tsunamis and adapting to sea level rise.Previous studies have shown that a 100 m-wide mangrove belt can reduce wave heights by 13%~66%,the mangrove belt per kilometer width can reduce the maximum water level of storm surges by 4 cm~48 cm,while the mangroves with a width of hundreds of meters can reduce the inundation depth caused by tsunamis by 5%~30%.The factors such as mangrove vegetation density,width and morphological characteristics as well as topography and elevation are among the key factors affecting the disaster reduction function of mangroves.Mechanism study and quantitative assessment methods for mangrove disaster reduction are mainly based on field measurement data,physical modelling and numerical simulations.Various studies have explored the expression of the drag force coefficient of mangroves affecting on the water flow,and developed wave flow motion models for simulating water movements in mangroves.However,there are still some deficiencies in previous studies that require us to further study:there is still a lack of observation data of mangrove disaster reduction function;the mangrove modes used in physical model experiments and numerical models were still relatively simple;the complex characteristics of different mangroves and the flexibility of mangroves are still insufficient in numerical models.In addition,mangrove protection and restoration should fully consider the synergy effects of ecological and disaster reduction,to build a comprehensive coastal protection system based on nature-based solutions and propose an optimized layout for mangrove ecosystem restoration.
作者
陈新平
王斌
尹子祺
程珺
林鹏智
国志兴
朱俊宁
赵明利
姜彦琪
王宇星
鲍献文
CHEN Xinping;WANG Bin;YIN Ziqi;CHENG Jun;LIN Pengzhi;GUO Zhixing;ZHU Junning;ZHAO Mingli;JIANG Yanqi;WANG Yuxing;BAO Xianwen(College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service,Beijing 100194,China;The People′s Government of Hainan Province,Haikou 570204,China;The Nature Conservancy,Beijing 100600,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research,State Oceanic Administration,Guangzhou 510300,China)
出处
《海洋通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期469-480,共12页
Marine Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(42106204)
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900701)。
关键词
红树林
海岸防护
防灾减灾
减灾效益
海岸带韧性
mangrove
coastal protection
disaster prevention and mitigation
disaster reduction value
coastal resilience
