摘要
为研究夜间增温下农田管理(节水灌溉/晚播)对稻-麦轮作农田作物产量及CH4和N2O排放的影响,采用2因素2水平试验设计进行田间模拟试验。夜间温度设2水平,即常温对照(CK)和夜间增温(NW),用铝箔膜夜间(19:00—次日6:00)覆盖植株冠层模拟夜间增温。水稻季水分管理设2水平,即常规灌溉(F,间歇淹水,5 cm水层)和节水灌溉(M,湿润,无水层);冬小麦季播期设2水平,即正常播期(NS)和晚播(LS)。结果表明:与对照相比,夜间增温或湿润灌溉均降低水稻生物量和产量,降幅分别为14.69%~18.16%和7.27%~9.14%;而增温下适度晚播则使冬小麦产量增加0.71%。与常温淹水灌溉相比,夜间增温或湿润灌溉均显著降低稻田CH4排放通量,但湿润灌溉下夜间增温则显著提高稻田CH4排放通量。常温对照下,与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉使稻田CH4累积排放量降低79.46%,而使N2O累积排放量增加97.21%。夜间增温下,与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉使稻田CH4和N2O的累积排放量分别增加39.98%和45.62%。晚播使麦田N2O累积排放量降低21.46%~53.77%。用持续变化全球增温/冷却潜势(SGWP/SGCP)评估稻田和麦田温室气体排放对稻麦系统增温潜势的贡献,各处理稻田CH4排放的贡献均为主导作用。夜间增温显著降低淹水/正常播期稻麦轮作系统温室气体排放强度(GHGI),显著增加湿润/晚播稻麦轮作系统的GHGI。研究认为,综合考虑产量和环境效益,水稻季采用常规灌溉和冬小麦季正常播种是长江下游稻麦轮作农田应对气候变暖的有效技术措施。
Climate change and water shortage are the two important drivers of food insecurity.It is a common concern of humankind to improve the food production potential to cope with climate change by adopting the best management practices(e.g.,irrigation methods and sowing date).A field-scale simulation experiment was performed to quantify the effects of management practices(water-saving irrigation and late sowing)on yield and greenhouse gas emissions(CH4 and N2O)in a rice-wheat rotated field in response to nighttime warming.An experimental design with three factors and with two levels per factor was adopted in this study.The two levels of nighttime temperature were set as ambient temperature(CK,control)and nighttime warming(NW).The crop canopy was covered with aluminum foil film at night(19:00 to 6:00)to simulate nighttime warming.The two levels of irrigation in rice-growing season were set as conventional irrigation(F,intermittent flooding with a 5-cm water layer)and water-saving irrigation(M,moistening without water layer).The two levels of sowing date of winter wheat were set as normal sowing date(NS)and late sowing date(LS).Results showed that,compared with that of the control,nighttime warming or water-saving irrigation reduced rice biomass and yield by 14.69%–18.16%and 7.27%–9.14%,respectively,whereas late sowing increased wheat yield by 0.71%.Compared with the CH4 efflux with ambient temperature and flooding irrigation,CH4 efflux from rice field significantly declined with nighttime warming or water-saving irrigation but significantly rose with nighttime warming under water-saving irrigation.Under ambient temperature,compared with that of flooding irrigation,water-saving irrigation significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emission by 79.46%but significantly promoted the cumulative N2O emission by 97.21%.Under nighttime warming,water-saving irrigation significantly increased the cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions by 39.98%and 45.62%,respectively,compared with that of flooding irrigation.Compared with that of the control,late sowing significantly reduced the cumulative N2O emission by 21.46%–53.77%in wheat field.Global warming/cooling potential(SGWP/SGCP)was used to evaluate the contribution of the greenhouse gas emissions during the rice-and wheat-growing seasons to global warming potential in the rice-wheat rotation field.The contribution of CH4 emissions from the rice field was dominant in all the treatments.Nighttime warming significantly decreased the greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)of the rice-wheat rotated field with flooding irrigation and normal sowing but significantly increased GHGI of the field with water-saving irrigation and late sowing.Given the increased yield and environmental benefits,this study suggests that conventional irrigation(intermittent flooding)for rice and normal sowing for wheat are the effective management practices for the rice-wheat rotation field to cope with global warming in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
作者
陈佳义
李君
娄运生
张震
马莉
李睿
CHEN Jiayi;LI Jun;LOU Yunsheng;ZHANG Zhen;MA Li;LI Rui(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Huai′an Huaiyin District Meteorological Bureau,Huai′an 223300,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1166-1180,共15页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41875177)。
关键词
夜间增温
稻麦轮作
甲烷
氧化亚氮
排放强度
nighttime warming
rice-wheat rotation
methane
nitrous oxide
greenhouse gas emission intensity
