摘要
岩石钻孔爆破过程涉及复杂的温度—流体—应力—化学(T—H—M—C)耦合过程的相互作用,其实质是炸药能量释放、传输与转化过程,研究爆破能量调控理论与技术对于提高炸药能量利用率、降低有害效应具有重要意义。聚焦炸药非理想爆轰模型、炸药与岩石的相互作用机制、爆破能量传输模型、爆破能量分配规律等方面,系统梳理了岩石钻孔爆破中炸药能量释放、传输与转化机理方面的研究进展。研究表明:炸药爆破破岩的能量利用率依赖于整个爆轰波的压力分布,炸药非理想爆轰时有相当一部分能量在波后稀疏波内释放;传统的波阻抗匹配理论对爆破破岩过程的描述过于简化,并不能合理地描述炸药和岩石之间的能量传输过程;可以从炸药能量的释放过程和传输转化两个环节实现对爆破能量的调控,主要有基于性能可调炸药的爆破能量调控技术、基于电子雷管精确延时的爆破能量调控技术、基于起爆位置和起爆方式的爆破能量调控技术、基于装药结构优化的爆破能量调控技术等。在上述分析的基础上,总结了岩石钻孔爆破能量调控理论与应用技术的发展现状及存在的主要问题,并探讨了该技术的研究发展趋势。
The process of rock drilling and blasting involves a complex interaction of Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical-Chemical(T—H—M—C)coupling processes,which essentially involves the release,transmission,and transformation of explosive energy.Investigating the theory and technology of blasting energy regulation is of great significance for improving the energy utilization rate of explosives and reducing harmful effects.This article systematically reviews the research progress in the mechanism of energy release,transmission,and transformation of explosives in rock drilling and blasting,with a focus on non-ideal detonation models of explosives,energy release laws of explosives,interaction mechanisms between explosive and rock mass,blasting energy transfer models,and blasting energy distribution laws.The study results show that the energy utilization rate of rock fragmentation by blasting depends on the pressure distribution of the entire detonation wave.A large amount of energy is released in the sparse wave behind the detonating wave for non-ideal detonation.The traditional impedance matching theory is too simplistic for the blasting process,and cannot reasonably describe the energy transfer process between explosives and rocks.The regulation of blasting energy can be achieved through the release and transmission of explosive energy.Energy regulation technology mainly includes blasting energy regulation technology based on performance adjustable explosives,precise delay blasting with electronic detonators,initiation position and mode,and charge structure optimization,and so on.Based on the above analysis,the development status and main problems of energy regulation theory and application technology for rock drilling and blasting are summarized,and the research and development trend of this technology is discussed.
作者
冷振东
高启栋
卢文波
陈明
周桂松
范勇
LENG Zhendong;GAO Qidong;LU Wenbo;CHEN Ming;ZHOU Guisong;FAN Yong(China Gezhouba Group Explosive Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401121,China;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;School of Highway,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710064,China;College of Water Resources and Hydropower,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第5期64-76,共13页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51809016)
重庆市英才计划-青年拔尖人才专项(编号:cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079)。
关键词
爆炸力学
岩石爆破
能量释放
能量传输
能量调控
mechanics of explosion
rock blasting
energy release
energy transmission
energy regulation
