摘要
自古以来,东西方问题是贯穿于俄罗斯历史的一条红线。横跨亚欧大陆的地理位置,彼得大帝西化改革和蒙古—鞑靼统治等历史事件赋予了俄罗斯浓厚的东西方双重文化烙印,使之有如一只同时向东西方张望的双头鹰,身份认同问题一直积淀在俄罗斯民族的集体无意识中。自20世纪末苏联解体以来,俄罗斯社会风云突变,进入了洛特曼所言的“文化大爆炸”时刻,即文化体系发生了180度逆转。由东西方发展道路取向问题所引发的个体乃至国家的身份认同危机在当代俄罗斯著名后现代主义作家佩列文的小说中得到了充分体现。在作家笔下,许多俄罗斯主人公对于转型时期的社会巨变感到措手不及,从而产生“我是谁”“我在哪里”的存在焦虑,他们在不同文化符号域中来回穿梭,却始终找不到适合自己的位置,时时面临“在世之难”的困境,具有典型的当代“多余人”和“小人物”的特点。因此,他们想要通过选择姓名、着装和职业等具有符号意义的日常行为方式来完成多元化身份建构,以消解身份认同的困惑、焦虑与危机。
The East-West question has been a red thread throughout Russian history.Russia's geographical location across Asia and Europe,the westernization reforms of Peter the Great,and the period of Mongol-Tatar rule,have given Russia a cultural duality that makes it resemble a two-headed eagle simultaneously looking towards the East and the West.The problem of identity has always lingered in the collective unconsciousness of the Russian nation.Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of the 20th century,Russian society has undergone sudden changes,entering what Lotman calls the"cultural explosion"moment,when the cultural system took a 180-degree turn.The crisis of individual and national identity caused by Russia's forward path between East and West is fully reflected in the novels by Russian postmodernist writer Victor Pelevin.Many of his Russian characters are overwhelmed by the dramatic social transformations during the transition period,feeling existential anxiety about"who I am"and"where I am."They constantly face the"difficulty of being alive"and have the characteristics of contemporary"redundant men"and"little men."In order to solve the confusion,anxiety and crisis of identity,they attempt to construct and navigate diverse identities through a variety of symbolic daily behaviors including choosing names,dresses and professions.
作者
孔俐颖
Kong Liying(Institute of Foreign Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China,100732)
出处
《当代外国文学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期69-76,共8页
Contemporary Foreign Literature
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“尤里·洛特曼著作集汉译与研究”(21&ZD284)的阶段性成果。
