摘要
目的:研究GB 2763标准中菜心农药最大残留限量,有助于明确菜心产品的合格性与安全性,更方便指引菜心的安全生产与市场监管,保障菜心质量安全。方法:首先对GB 2763—2021中菜心最大农药残留现状进行了总体分析,又根据农药用途分别做了详细解析。再对GB 2763—2021和GB 2763—2019进行比对分析。结果:GB 2763—2021标准中关于菜心的共有128种农药、128项最大残留限量(其中临时限量40项),涉及到杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、除草剂、杀线虫剂和熏蒸剂。另外,豁免最大残留限量的农药种类共计44种,全部为生物制剂。与GB 2763—2019相比,新增农药53种、新增农药残留限量53个(增加64.6%),包括除草剂16种(增加8倍)、杀虫剂18种(增加26.5%)、杀菌剂12种(增加3倍)、杀螨剂10种(增加5倍)、1种杀线虫剂(增加1倍)、1种熏蒸剂(全新增)。6种农药最大残留限量发生变化(2种变松、3种变严、1种改为正式限量),11种农药的检测方法发生变化(主要是增加检测方法种类)。豁免最大残留限量的农药种类无变化。结论:新标准对菜心的质量安全要求更加严格。生产者应按标生产,尽量优先选择符合国家登记规定的、豁免最大残留限量的农药,而尽量避免施用标准限量值低、难分解、易残留、毒性大的农药。经营者和管理者应注意监测超范围施用的农药,科研工作者应积极完善标准体系。
Objective To study the maximum residue limit of pesticide about Chinese cabbage in GB 2763 was helpful to clarify the conformity and safety,and to guide the safe production and market supervision of Chinese cabbage.Method The present situation of maximum pesticide residue limit in GB 2763—2021 of Chinese cabbage was analyzed,and then detailed reanalyzation was made according to the classification of pesticides.After that,a comparative analysis was made between GB 2763—2021 and GB 2763—2019.Result In GB 2763—2021,there were a total of 128 pesticides and 128 maximum residue limits(including 40 temporary limits)about Chinese cabbage,involving insecticides,fungicides,acaricides,herbicides,nematocides and fumigants.In addition,44 pesticides of biological agents were exempted from maximum residue limit and also suitable for Chinese cabbage.Compared with GB 2763—2019,in GB 2763—2021,there were 53 kinds of new pesticides and 53 new pesticide maximum residue limits(increased by 64.6%),including 16 kinds of herbicides(increased by 8 times),18 kinds of pesticides(increased by 26.5%),12 kinds of fungicides(increased by 3 times),10 kinds of acaricides(increased by 5 times),1 kind of nematocide(increased by 1 time)and 1 kind of fumigant(all increased).The maximum residue limits of 6 kinds of pesticides were changed(Two were looser,three were stricter,and one was changed to officially maximum residue limit),and the detection methods of 11 kinds of pesticides were changed(mainly increased the types of detection methods).There is no change of pesticides exempted from maximum residue limits.Conclusion The new standard GB 2763—2021 was stricter on the quality and safety of Chinese cabbage.Producers should produce according to the standard and give preference to choose pesticides that comply with national registration requirements or exempt from maximum residue limit,while avoid using pesticides with low standard limits,or difficult to decompose,or suspected to residues,or high toxic as far as possible.Operators and managers should pay attention to monitoring the pesticides out-of-range usage.Researchers should actively improve the standard system.
作者
耿安静
杨慧
廖若昕
王旭
陈岩
王富华
曾坤宏
邓作茂
GENG An-jing;YANG Hui;LIAO Ruo-xin;WANG Xu;CHEN Yan;WANG Fu-hua;ZENG Kun-hong;DENG Zuo-mao(Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science,Guangzhou 510640,China;Technical Committee on Planting Industry of Standardization of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangdong Agricultural Standardization Association,Guangzhou 510640,China;Promotion Center of Agricultural Technology of Huaiji County in Guangdong Province,Huaiji 526400,China)
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2023年第3期16-22,共7页
Food and Nutrition in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(项目编号:2019YFC1605600)
广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所所长基金项目(项目编号:DWJJ-202112)。
关键词
菜心
农药残留限量
GB
2763
Chinese cabbage
maximum residue limit of pesticide(MRLs)
GB 2763
