摘要
中国的乡村治理在古代与近世一直延续着简约治理传统,近年来则逐渐走向了科层治理的形态。本文聚焦于村级组织的结构性处境及其组织制度和治理机制的调适,尝试探讨简约治理向科层治理嬗变的内在机理。研究发现,简约治理根源于有限的国家财政能力和内生的乡村共同体秩序维系能力,这样国家凭借疏放性的权力介入就可维持基层秩序与政治整合。近年来随着城市化进程带来的农民非农化与社区“去公共性”,村庄共同体的总体性支配逐渐式微,地方权威日益消减。与此同时,随着国家财政能力的提升与国家民事职能的扩张,大量的公共品与公共服务进入乡村社会,基层政权正努力构造一个更加职业化的村干部队伍承接这些职能,并以制度化的科层监督使村务工作日益去人格化。由此,中国乡村简约治理的时代或将成为历史,取而代之的是科层治理的兴起。
In ancient and modern times,China's rural governance has always continued the tradition of minimalism.For the past few years,it has gradually moved to the form of bureaucratic governance.This article focuses on the structural situation of village organizations and the adjustment of organizational institution and governance mechanism.Moreover,the study attempts to explore the inherent mechanism of the transformation from minimalism to bureaucratism.The study found that minimalism is derived from the limited national finance and the endogenous capacity to maintain the order of rural communities.In this way,the state can preserve the grass-roots order and political integration by its lax power intervention.However,As farmers'non-agriculturization and village communities'depublicity have brought about by the urbanization process in the resent years,the overall allocation power of the village community is gradually declining,and the local authority is diminishing.At the same time,with the improvement of the country's financial capacity and the expansion of the country's civil functions,a large number of public goods and services have entered the rural society.Grass roots governments are making efforts to build a more professional organization of village cadres to undertake these responsibilities,and increasingly depersonalize village affairs with institutionalized bureaucratic supervision.As a result,the era of minimalism in China's rural areas may come to an end,replaced by the rise of bureaucratic governance.
作者
董磊明
欧阳杜菲
Dong Leiming;Ouyang Dufei
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期133-146,M0008,共15页
CASS Journal of Political Science
关键词
简约治理
科层治理
村干部职业化
乡村治理
minimalism
bureaucratism
professionalism of village cadres
rural governance
