摘要
科技小院是现代农业发展的创新组织模式,也是推进乡村振兴的重要科技支撑。本文基于宏观和微观层面阐释科技小院产生的现实需要,结合实地调研系统分析其发展演变与功能定位,探讨其运行保障机制与取得的实践成效,提出引导科技小院高质量发展的思路与建议。研究表明,科技小院的产生顺应了微观层面农户对先进农业技术需求增加,以及宏观层面现代农业发展对农业科技进步依赖加大的现实需要,在发展过程中演绎出“自下而上”式农业科技创新、“科普志愿”式农业社会服务和“产教融合”式农业人才培养三重功能,且三重功能定位以科学技术为纽带,形成了激励相容关系。科技小院以高校科研院所为内核,各主体之间形成了不同目标导向的利益联结机制,其中正式制度施加规范约束、服务互动融入社会规范、多方支持构成物质保障,推动科技小院有效运行。科技小院创新了农业技术推广模式、促进了现代农业高质量发展、提高了农民综合素质水平、开创了农业人才培养新模式,取得了显著的综合效益。因此,未来科技小院发展应深入明确功能定位、强化制度约束、加强组织创新和推广经验典型,走错位发展、规范发展、融合发展和共享发展之路。
The Science and Technology Backyard is not only an innovative organizational mode for the development of modern agriculture,but also an important technological support to promote rural revitalization.This paper explains the practical needs of the Science and Technology Backyard from the macro and micro levels,and systematically analyzes its developmental evolution and functional positioning,discusses its operation guarantee mechanism and effects based on the field research,and puts forward suggestions to guide the high-quality development of it.Results show that the emergence of the Science and Technology Backyard complies with the increasing demand of farmers for advanced agricultural technology at the micro level and the increasing dependence on modern agricultural technological progress at the macro level.In the progress of development,it leads to triple functional orientations,including agricultural scientific and technological innovation from bottom up,agricultural social service with popular science volunteer,and agricultural talent training with integration of industry and education.In addition,the triple functional orientations take science and technology as the link to form an incentive compatibility relationship.The Science and Technology Backyard takes the scientific research institutes of colleges and universities as the core,and different goal-oriented interest connection mechanisms have been formed among various subjects,in which a formal system imposes regulatory constraints and service interaction is integrated into social norms and multi-party support constitutes material guarantee to promote the effective operation.The Science and Technology Backyard has innovated the mode of agricultural technology popularization,promoted the high-quality development of modern agriculture,improved the comprehensive quality level of farmers,and created a new mode of agricultural talent training,with outstanding comprehensive benefits.Therefore,in the future,to promote the sustainable development of Science and Technology Backyard,this paper suggests to clearly define the functional orientation,to strengthen institutional constraints,to enhance organizational innovation,and to promote experience.Gradually,the development of the Science and Technology Backyard will take the development road of dislocation,standardization,integration,and coexistence.
作者
李乾
张福锁
焦小强
王玉斌
LI Qian;ZHANG Fu-suo;JIAO Xiao-qiang;WANG Yu-bin(College of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期1-9,共9页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BJY145)
中国科协项目(202107211111123)
安徽高校人文社会科学研究项目(SK2021A0152)。
关键词
科技小院
创新发展
功能定位
保障机制
农业技术推广
社会服务
人才培养
Science and Technology Backyard
innovative development
functional positioning
guarantee mechanism
agricultural technology extension
social service
personnel training
