摘要
东谷坨遗址是泥河湾盆地内重要的旧石器时代早期遗址,其文化层以河湖相堆积为主,大量的文化遗物在埋藏过程中会受到流水等自然作用的影响,明确遗址的形成过程、了解遗物在埋藏过程中被改造的程度是我们开展其他各项研究的基础。2016-2020年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所和河北省文物考古研究院对东谷坨遗址T1区域开展了新的发掘,通过此次发掘,我们将原6A文化层划分为2个亚层。其中6A2为粗砂砾石堆积,显示水动力较强的沉积环境,但该层出土的多数石制品表面新鲜,并未显示出受高能水流的改造或被长距离搬运的特征。鉴于此,我们以探讨搬运改造石制品所形成破损特点为目的设计并实施了模拟搬运试验,开展了遗址内沉积物、石制品特征等多指标分析探讨遗址的形成过程。结果表明,6A2层的多数石制品并非由高能水流搬运而来,而是粗砂砾石堆积在遗址形成后,古人类活动于其上所遗留,此层石制品显示了原地埋藏的特点。
The Donggutuo site is one of the key Paleolithic sites located on the eastern edge of the Nihewan Basin, which provides vital information about the technological behaviors of the Early Pleistocene hominins. The sediments of the site are mainly silt, clayey silt, sandy and clay, which are typical fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Some horizontal beddings can be seen clearly. As the lithics were buried in the fluvio-lacustrine deposit, it is indispensable to explore the site formation before interpret archaeological remains, for that the hydrologic forces potentially took part in the accumulation of the archaeological materials. From 2016 to 2020, a new excavation was undertaken by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology at Trench 1 area. Through this new excavation, tens of thousands of stone artifacts and a large number of fossils have been unearthed and we have a new understanding of the cultural layer. We identified a new cultural layer based on the former 6A cultural layer, which was defined as 6A2 now. The sediments of layer 6A2 is dominated by sandy gravel and the distribution of the lithics are not uniform. It indicates a high-energy depositional environment. However, the majority unearthed lithics of layer 6A2 do not show the characteristics of being modified by high energy flow or transported over long distances. The evidence between sediments and lithics is conflicting in this layer. This study can help us reveal the formation processes of the Donggutuo site in more detail. The methods of the research can be divided into two categories, the analysis of the lithic and the study of sediments. On the basis of observation of artifacts, we identified some equivocal stone remains(geofacts). In view of this, we designed and implemented a transportation-simulate experiment, it establishes a reference of the morphological modification in a certain context through time. The comparison study between experimental specimens and artifacts from the Donggutuo site will help us to distinguish artifacts from geofacts. In addition, through the study of sedimentary contexts, spatial distributions, debitage size distribution, lithic abrasion and artifacts orientation shows that most of the lithics in layer 6A2 were not transported by high energy water flow, but buried in situ. So we can infer that lithics and the sandy gravel layer may not be formed simultaneous which implies early human occupied the site after the main sedimentation matrix had formed.
作者
张月书
李锋
陈福友
仪明洁
高星
ZHANG Yueshu;LI Feng;CHEN Fuyou;YI Mingjie;GAO Xing(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《人类学学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期61-74,共14页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1521500)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000)
中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(132311KYSB20190008)
中国科学院青年创新促进会(2017102)。
