摘要
与反击式水轮机相比,冲击式水轮机有着应用水头高和高效率工况范围宽的优点,是开发高水头水电能源的核心装备。然而,冲击式水轮机内部为开放式、多相非稳态流场,存在多种流动状态转换以及多部件相互匹配的复杂流动特性,影响着水轮机性能的好坏,进而决定着高水头水电能源的开发利用率。可视化试验技术、计算流体力学、有限元法和人工智能优化设计算法的快速发展加速了冲击式水轮机的技术发展。我国的冲击式水轮机技术起步较晚但发展迅速,经历了从无到有、自主设计和提升改进3个阶段,特别是近20年我国冲击式水轮机技术取得了突破性进展。本文在全面综合国内外冲击式水轮机领域研究成果的基础上,以近20年来冲击式水轮机技术的主要研究进展为重点,从水轮机内部流动特性、泥沙磨蚀研究、失效分析研究及优化设计理论等4个部分对冲击式水轮机技术进展进行了综述,探讨了冲击式水轮机性能分析和优化设计中存在的一些问题,并对冲击式水轮机技术的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。
As the core equipment in high-head hydropower harvesting, the impulse turbine has the advantages of higher operating head and wider high-efficiency range compared with reaction turbines.However, features of flow fields within a Pelton turbine are open, unsteady and multi-phase. Complex flow characteristics affected by multiple flow transitions and component-matching of the Pelton turbine may exert influence on its performance and utilizing efficiency of high-head hydropower. Recent advances in impulse turbine technologies have been accelerated by the rapid development of visual test technology, computational fluid dynamics(CFD), finite element method(FEM), and artificial intelligence optimization design algorithm. The technology of impulse turbines developed late but rapid in China,summarizing by three stages from scratch, independent design to optimization, and breakthrough progresses have been accomplished especially in the past 20 years. Based on a comprehensive synthesis of researches from both national and international impulse turbines researching field, this paper focuses on the main progresses of impulse turbine technology in the past 20 years, and reviews the recent advances in the research of internal flow characteristics, sediment abrasion, failure analysis, and optimization design theories. Several issues with performance analysis and optimization design are discussed, and the development trend of impulse turbine technology is summarized and prospected.
作者
罗兴锜
戈振国
朱国俊
冯建军
LUO Xingqi;GE Zhenguo;ZHU Guojun;FENG Jianjun(Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)
出处
《水力发电学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期116-134,共19页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFB1501900)
国家自然科学基金项目(51909212)
西安理工大学博士创新基金(310-252072110)。
关键词
冲击式水轮机
内部流动
泥沙磨蚀
失效分析
优化设计
水斗
impulse turbine
internal flow
sediment abrasion
failure analysis
optimization design
bucket
