摘要
研究长期不同种植施肥模式下,植烟黄壤中蚯蚓生长繁殖状况与土壤肥力的关系,从土壤动物的变化角度揭示植烟黄壤可持续利用的途径。试验依托贵州省合肥市烤烟长期田间定位试验,研究2种种植施肥模式下(烤烟连作与烤烟//玉米轮作,单施化肥与有机肥化肥配施),3季作物(烤烟、玉米和黑麦草)收获后耕层土壤中蚯蚓密度和重量,以及土壤肥力的变化。结果表明,在长期种植和施肥的烟地土壤中,蚯蚓的密度和生物量分别比不耕作的裸地增加了0.5~1.5倍和0.6~2.4倍;与长期连作烤烟的土壤相比,烤烟//玉米轮作的蚯蚓密度和生物量分别增加57.0%和71.4%;与长期单施化肥的土壤相比,配施有机肥的土壤蚯蚓生物量平均增加了23.3%;在烤烟//玉米轮作模式中,玉米种植季节的土壤蚯蚓密度高于烤烟种植季;长期轮作和配施有机肥显著提高土壤有机质和养分含量,降低土壤容重,提高总孔隙度,并增强了土壤酶活性;植烟黄壤中蚯蚓的密度和生物量与土壤有机质和有效氮磷钾含量、总孔隙度、脲酶和磷酸酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关,除此之外,蚯蚓的生物量还与土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈显著正相关。蚯蚓与土壤肥力互为良性循环,植烟黄壤采用轮作并配施有机肥模式是烟地肥力提升和蚯蚓增加的基础。
The objective of this experiment was to study the growth and reproduction of earthworm in response to soil fertility in tobacco-grown yellow soil with different cropping and fertilization patterns,and reveal the mechanisms for sustainable utilization of the tobacco-grown soil in terms of soil animals.A long-term experiment was established in a flue-cured tobacco field in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,and the changes in earthworm density and biomass in the top-soil and selected soil properties were detected two planting and fertilization modes(continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco and flue-cured tobacco//corn cropping,single application of chemical fertilizer and combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer)and three crops(flue-cured tobacco,maize,and ryegrass).The results showed that the density and biomass of earthworms in the tobacco soil were 0.5-1.5 and 0.6-2.4 times higher than those in the uncultivated bare soil after long-term cropping and fertilization.Compared with the only tobacco cultivation,long-term tobacco-maize rotation increased the earthworm density by 57.0%and the biomass by 71.4%in the soil.Chemical and organic fertilizers enhanced the mean earthworm biomass by 23.3%in the soil compared with the soil with long-term application of chemical fertilizers alone.In tobacco-maize rotation,earthworm density in corn planting season was higher than that in tobacco planting season.The long-term tobacco-maize rotation and application of organic fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers significantly increased organic matter,nutrients,total porosity,and enzyme activity in the soil but decreased soil bulk density.Both the density and biomass of earthworms were positively correlated with organic matter,available nutrients(including nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium),total porosity,and activities of urease and phosphatase in the soil.Positive correlations were also found between the earthworm biomass and the activities of invertase and catalase.Earthworms well grew and reproduced in fertile soils.Tobacco-maize rotation and application of organic fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers increased the number and biomass of earthworms in the tobacco field and improved soil fertility.
作者
陈浩
肖庆亮
李治模
袁玲
刘京
Chen Hao;Xiao Qingliang;Li Zhimo;Yuan Ling;Liu Jing(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Zunyi Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China)
出处
《山地农业生物学报》
2023年第1期1-7,共7页
Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology
基金
合肥市烟草公司科技项目(2020XM03)。
关键词
蚯蚓
轮作
化肥配施有机肥
土壤肥力
earthworm
rotation
chemical and organic fertilization
soil fertility
