摘要
目的:通过比较不同速度状态下,竞走运动员在跑步机与场地训练时的动作技术差异,分析其犯规风险。方法:招募高水平男子竞走运动员13名在高速[(14.6±0.9)km/h]和常速[(12.5±1.4)km/h]状态下进行跑步机或场地竞走测试,采用Vicon红外三维动作分析系统记录步态和关节角度数据,采用双因素重复性方差分析判断环境(跑步机vs场地)和速度对步态和关节角度的影响。结果:与场地动作相比,常速跑步机动作的步频增加,步时减少。高速跑步机动作的腾空时间、步幅和步频减少,步时增加;与场地动作相比,两种速度下,跑步机动作的重心垂直位移减小,脚跟着地时踝、肩、肘关节角度,以及脚尖离地时肩关节角度均增加;与常速相比,高速状态下跑步机动作和场地动作的重心垂直位移增大,脚跟着地时髋关节和肩关节角度减小,骨盆旋转角增大,脚尖离地时肩关节角度减小,骨盆旋转角增大。结论:高水平竞走运动员在进行场地训练与跑步机训练时,动作技术存在差异,但跑步机训练不会增加犯规风险;高速状态下,跑步机训练与场地训练的动作技术差异更大,高速跑步机训练更容易打破原有的技术节奏。
Objective:The risk of foul is analyzed by comparing the difference in movement techniques between treadmill and field training at different speeds.Methods:Thirteen high-level male race walkers are recruited to perform treadmill or field walking tests at high speed[(14.6±0.9)km/h]and normal speed[(12.5±1.4)km/h].The Vicon infrared 3D motion capture system is used to record gait and joint angle data,and the two-way repetitive ANOVA is used to analyze the effects of the environment(treadmill vs field)and speed on gait and joint angle.Results:Compared with field race walking,the step frequency increases,and the step time decreases during normal-speed treadmill race walking.The hang time,step length,and step frequency decrease,and the step time increases during high-speed treadmill race walking;in both speed conditions of treadmill race walking,the vertical displacement of the center of gravity decreases.The ankle,shoulder,and elbow joint angles at heel-strike,and the shoulder joint angle at toe-off increase;compared with the normal-speed condition,the vertical displacement of the center of gravity increases in the high-speed condition of both the treadmill and field race walking,the hip and shoulder joint angles decrease and the pelvic rotation angle increases at heel-strike,and the shoulder joint angle decreases and the pelvic rotation angle increases at toe-off.Conclusions:There are significant kinematic differences in movement technique between treadmill and field race walking training of high-level race walkers,but treadmill training does not increase the risk of fouls;there are more differences between treadmill and field race walking training at high speed,and high-speed treadmill training is more likely to break the original technical rhythm.
作者
张鑫蕊
宋祺鹏
宋绍利
王银行
潘艺鸥
刘子寅
ZHANG Xinrui;SONG Qipeng;SONG Shaoli;WANG Yinhang;PAN Yiou;LIU Ziyin(Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,China;Shandong Track and Field Sports Management Center,Jinan 250102,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期13-18,共6页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
山东省体育局科研攻关项目([2019]31)。
关键词
竞走
跑步机训练
运动学
race walking
treadmill training
kinematics
