摘要
为制定安全优质高效的稻渔共作生产技术规范、探求可持续发展的水产养殖技术,设立3种种养模式的对比试验,试验组为稻蟹共作(rice-crab co-culture,RC)和稻虾蟹共作(rice-crayfish-crab co-culture,RCC)模式,对照组为精养蟹(intensive crab,IC)模式。通过对比精养蟹、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作模式下的氮磷平衡、氮磷利用、浮游生物生物量与多样性及生态经济效益来探寻最佳的稻田养蟹模式。结果显示,3种种养模式底质氮磷含量均有增加,精养模式最为显著(P<0.05);精养、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作模式中氮平衡均表现为盈余,其盈余量逐减,分别为1030.92、364.37、188.75 kg/hm^(2),氮利用率逐增,分别为16.47%、48.98%、65.71%;磷平衡也均表现为盈余,精养、稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作的磷盈余量分别为171.35、81.67、76.96 kg/hm^(2),磷利用率逐增,分别为7.61%、18.22%、24.29%;与精养、稻蟹共作模式相比,稻虾蟹共作模式中浮游动植物种类的总量、增长量及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均最高;稻蟹共作、稻虾蟹共作经济收益相较于精养模式分别降低了22.78%、4.48%,稻虾蟹共作与精养模式收益差距不大。以上结果表明,相较于精养模式,稻渔共作模式对生态环境更友好,而稻虾蟹共作模式相较于稻蟹共作模式具有更好的经济效益。
To formulate safe,high quality and efficient polyculture technical specifications and explore sustainable development of aquaculture technology,a comparative experiment of three co-culture modes,including experimental group(rice-crab,RC;rice-crayfish-crab,RCC)and control group(intensive crab,IC),was set up in Suzhou,Anhui Province.By comparing and analyzing the N and P balance,N and P utilization,biomass and diversity of plankton and eco-economic benefits of the three modes,the advantages of rice-fish polyculture and the best rice-crab co-culture mode were explored.The results showed that the content of N and P in the substrate increased in all three culture modes,and the most significant increase was in the IC mode(P<0.05).The N and P balance showed surplus in all patterns,the N surplus in IC,RC and RCC modes were 1030.92 kg/hm^(2),364.37 kg/hm^(2) and 188.75 kg/hm^(2),and the P surplus were 171.35 kg/hm^(2),81.67 kg/hm^(2) and 76.96 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The N utilization rate in IC,RC and RCC modes were 16.47%,48.98%and 65.71%,and the P utilization rate were 7.61%,18.22%and 24.29%,respectively.Compared with IC and RC modes,the total amount and increase of phytoplankton species and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were the highest in the RCC mode.The economic benefit of RC and RCC were 22.78%and 4.48%lower than those of IC,respectively.The economic benefit of RCC was not significant different from that of IC.In conclusion,compared with the intensive cultivation mode,the rice-fish co-culture pattern is more friendly to the ecological environment,while RCC has better economic benefits than RC.
作者
吕明睿
高子健
张欣雨
李艳和
宋光同
赵玉华
Lü Mingrui;GAO Zijian;ZHANG Xinyu;LI Yanhe;SONG Guangtong;ZHAO Yuhua(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biological Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China;Fisheries Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,China)
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期108-117,共10页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900304)。
关键词
综合种养
稻蟹共作
稻虾蟹共作
氮磷平衡
氮磷利用
浮游生物多样性
生态经济效益
comprehensive planting and breeding
rice-crab co-culture
rice-crayfish-crab co-culture
nitrogen and phosphorus balance
nitrogen and phosphorus utilization
plankton diversity
ecological and economic benefits
