摘要
为了满足大口径望远镜中间体高刚度、低惯量的技术需求,开展了中间体的轻量化设计,同时针对传统方法无法检测中间体形位公差的问题,提出基于自准直仪和激光跟踪仪的光学检测方法。根据望远镜整体结构需求,确定中间体尺寸范围,分析力的传递路径,以应变能最小为优化目标,采用变密度法进行拓扑优化分析和结构设计。基于自准直仪测角原理,在中间体轴孔端面吸附平面反射镜,测量两端面的反射角度,实现两侧轴孔端面平行度误差的测量,基于激光跟踪仪空间点坐标测量原理,利用回转工装寻找中间体轴孔圆心,测量两侧轴孔的圆心坐标,实现同轴度误差的测量。与传统经验设计的中间体相比,以拓扑优化为指导设计的中间体质量减少21.5%,静态刚度提高14.3%。光学法检测中间体两侧轴孔端面平行度误差为0.016 mm,两侧轴孔圆心位置偏差为0.03 mm。采用拓扑优化设计的中间体在提高刚度、降低惯量方面优势明显,提出的光学检测法可实现中间体形位公差的检测。
To satisfy the requirements of high stiffness and low inertia of the center section of a large aper⁃ture telescope,a lightweight center section is designed.Further,because the traditional method cannot de⁃tect the geometric tolerance of the center section,an optical detection method based on an autocollimator and laser tracker is proposed.According to the requirements of the overall structure of the telescope,the size range of the center section is determined,and the transmission path of the force is analyzed.The to⁃pology optimization analysis and structure design are carried out using the variable density method to mini⁃mize strain energy.Based on the angle measurement principle of the autocollimator,the reflecting mirror is placed on the face of the center section hole to measure the parallelism error of the face on both sides.Based on the position measurement principle of the laser tracker,a high-precision turntable is used to find the central point of the center section hole.Then,the central point coordinates of holes on both sides are measured,and the coaxiality error is measured.Compared with the center section designed by traditional means,the mass of the center section designed under the guidance of topology optimization is reduced by 21.5%,and the static stiffness is increased by 14.3%.The parallelism error of the faces of the holes on both sides of the center section detected by the optical method is 0.016 mm,and the concentric error of the holes on both sides is 0.03 mm.The center section designed by topology optimization has obvi⁃ous advantages in improving stiffness and reducing inertia.The detection of geometric tolerance of the cen⁃ter section can be realized by using the proposed optical detection method,which solves the detection prob⁃lems in processing.
作者
王志臣
陈涛
曹玉岩
周超
WANG Zhichen;CHEN Tao;CAO Yuyan;ZHOU Chao(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《光学精密工程》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第23期3039-3044,共6页
Optics and Precision Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.U2031126)。
关键词
大口径望远镜
轻量化
拓扑优化
形位公差检测
large-aperture telescope
lightweight design
topology optimization
geometrical tolerance detection
