摘要
作为一种非均质的复合材料,岩石的宏观性能很大程度上取决于其在微纳观尺度上的结构特性。随着纳米压痕技术的推广和发展,岩石材料的纳观结构力学信息得到了大量的报道。为了解纳米压痕技术在岩石中的研究现状,对国内外相关文献进行了综述。首先,应用纳米压痕技术测试岩石材料的弹性模量、硬度、断裂韧性和时效蠕变的基本原理被阐述。其次,用于纳米压痕测试的样品制备方法和测试参数选择被归纳总结。在此基础上,对页岩、煤、砂岩和泥岩等常见岩石材料的纳观尺度特征进行了总结分类,并分析了影响其纳观力学参数的关键因素。结果表明:由于纳米压痕在力和位移两方面都具有较高的精度,可以用于提取单个晶粒的局部力学特性,这避免了常规力学测试对于试件尺寸的要求。但是纳米压痕测试对于样品的表面粗糙度和加卸载制度有着特定要求,特殊的岩样需要与之匹配的制样方式。此外,岩石的矿物组成和外界环境因素对于材料的纳观力学性能有着重要影响。尽管纳米压痕技术已被广泛应用,但其在岩石材料中的研究起步较晚,在数据分析,多尺度模型搭建和纳–微–细–宏观力学性能传递方面还面临着诸多难点。
As a heterogeneous composite material,the macro properties of rock largely depend on the micro-nano scale structural characteristics of the material.With the popularization and development of nanoindentation technology,the nano-mechanical information of rock materials has been widely reported.In order to understand the research status of nanoindentation technology in rocks,the relevant literature at home and abroad is reviewed.First,the basic principles of applying nanoindentation technology to test the elastic modulus,fracture toughness and creep of rock materials are explained.Then,the sample preparation method and test parameter selection for nanoindentation test are summarized.On this basis,the nanoscale characteristics of common rock materials such as shale,coal,sandstone and mudstone are summarized and classified,and the key factors affecting their nanomechanical parameters are analyzed.The results show that due to its high precision in both force and displacement,nanoindentation can be utilized to extract the localized mechanical properties of individual grains,thereby avoiding the requirement of conventional mechanical testing for the size of the specimen.However,the nanoindentation test has specific requirements for the surface roughness of the sample and the loading and unloading regime,and special rock samples need matching sample preparation methods.In addition,the mineral composition and external environmental have an important influence on the nanomechanical properties of the rock material.Although nanoindentation technology has been widely used,its research in rock materials started relatively late,and it still faces many difficulties in data analysis,multi-scale model building and multi-scale mechanical property transfer.
作者
何智海
倪雅倩
杜时贵
石锦炎
金佳旭
詹培敏
HE Zhihai;NI Yaqian;DU Shigui;SHI Jinyan;JIN Jiaxu;ZHAN Peimin(College of Civil Engineering,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China;Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province,Shaoxing,Zhejiang 312000,China;Rock Mechanics Institute,Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315211,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211189,China;College of Civil Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期2045-2066,共22页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51602198)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY20E020006)。
关键词
岩石力学
纳米压痕
微观力学性能
蠕变性能
断裂韧性
rock mechanics
nanoindentation
micromechanical properties
creep
fracture toughness
