摘要
当前我国城市发展模式正处于由增转存的深度调整过程中,厘清前期发展过程中的城市公园绿地可达性时空演变特征规律将有助于下阶段的公园绿地建设和人居环境改善。本文以山东大学中心城区为例,对城市区域特征、公园绿地可达性的内在构成和影响因素进行了解读,并应用地理探测器工具分析了城市公园绿地可达性覆盖率和时空演变轨迹。研究发现济南存量和增量两种类型区域存在显著的城市公园绿地可达性分异,并对两者的差异化驱动因素进行了识别,具体表现为:存量地区公园绿地可达性显著优于增量地区,可达性改善程度却显著低于增量地区;存量地区可达性趋向空间平衡,而增量地区可达性始终聚集在特定区域。在驱动因素上,存量地区与增量地区存在单因驱动和多因交互驱动的显著差异。基于此提出创新公园绿地投入、探索多元化空间要素协同等下阶段城市公园绿地规划建设管理的合理应对策略。
After rapid urbanization in the past 30 years,most cities in China are now experiencing the transformation of development path.Their spatial structure is now in a process of adjusting key models of spatial growth from incremental areas to built-up areas.After paying attention to the number of park green space (PGS) in the stage of rapid development,it is necessary to optimize the accessibility of urban parks and green space so that citizens can easily access the public resources of urban park and green space.As an important part of the future development of high-quality cities,it is necessary to clarify the changes of residential and green space growth in different periods.Targeted optimization paths can thus be proposed to the further deepen a more balanced development of urban space in the future.This study conducted a case study in the city of Jinan.Jinan,the capital of Shandong Province,is a mega-city located in Northern China.By the end of 2021,its urban population is over nine million.The city is implementing the new “park city” development goal and now exploring the optimization mechanism for improving urban park and green space accessibility in the future.For future urban policies,it is important to understand the trajectory of park green space evolution and the change of accessibility from reviewing past decade’s urban development.The study chose the central city of Jinan as key research area.81 street administrative divisions within the central city were selected as basic research units.The composition of accessibility to urban parks and their related service circles formed by residential and green land were drawn.Based on this,the coverage of urban park’s accessibility was evaluated.On account of the characteristics of urban development,the city was divided into several quadrants by time and space in order to explore the dynamic evolution characteristics of park green space accessibility.In this paper,Geodetector was used as the main spatial statistics tool for analyzing the evolution of park green space inside the case study city.Driving factors of the evolution of park green space and the changes of its accessibility were also examined.The Factor Detector of Geodetector was used to detect The explanatory power of each factor on the accessibility of park green space.The Interaction Detector of Geodetector was used to detect whether the explanatory power of the two factors on the accessibility of park green space would be increased or weakened when the two factors acted together,or whether the influence of these factors on the accessibility of park green space was independent of each other.It’s concluded that the accessibility of PGS in the built-up areas was significantly better than that in the incremental areas.The improvement degree of the accessibility of PGS in built-up areas was significantly lower than that in incremental areas.From exploring the spatio-temporal pattern,although the improvement degree of accessibility of PGS in built-up areas is relatively low,it gradually tends to spatial balance through space repair and other policies.However,although the general accessibility of park green space in incremental areas has been improved obviously,the spatial distribution of green space is always concentrated in specific areas such as new towns.Therefore,the development of park green space may deviate from the actual needs of local residents.Evolvement analysis of accessibility of park and green space was further conducted by discovering related driving factors in Geotector.Significant differences between the driving factors in built-up areas and incremental areas were observed through further analysis of the change of accessibility of PGS.The change is driven by single factor built-up areas,meanwhile multi-factor interaction drives the change in incremental areas.In general,the explanatory outcome of the influencing factors of the accessibility of PGS varied greatly in the four quadrants regarding its spatial distribution.The explanatory power of the scale of new development factor (G-S) is obviously better than other factors.Factors such as dominant function (M-F),natural conditions (N-C) and green space type (G-T) have a certain degree of explanatory power in the incremental areas.However,this explanation in the built-up areas is weak.The model’s explanation for factors such as new residential scale (R-S),residential type (R-T) in the four quadrants is basically weak.The development scale of new park green space is the single factor influencing the accessibility of park green space in the built-up areas.And its explanatory ability is found growing year by year.By contrast,the interaction effect of two factors in urban incremental areas is significantly higher than that of single factors.In the early stage before 2006,the combination of additional residential scale elements (R-S) and other elements such as green space type (G-T),dominant function (M-F) and natural conditions (N-C) can achieve better enhancement effect.However,in the later period,the explanatory effects from each factor have all decreased.The research thus further establishes a new perspective of exploring park green space change by dividing city into incremental and built-up space.It reveals the important role that the location of park and green space play.Based on this,in order to comprehensively and systematically improve the relationship between residential and green space,this paper proposes to establish a hierarchical optimization strategy in different types of regions.Mastering the adjustment rules by considering spatial differentiations inside megacity’s large urban areas is an important basis for future urban policy-makers.For the future development path,the decisive promotion effects of park green space on the human settlement should be better realized in the built-up area.Under the tight constraints of construction land,a variety of innovative ways should be encouraged to promote the provision of park and green space.For incremental areas,it is also important to realize the synergistic effect of multiple factors for incremental areas and encourage synergistic ways of diversified spatial elements.
作者
芦爽
王雨
曾鹏
LU Shuang;WANG Yu;ZENG Peng
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2022年第5期81-88,共8页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
天津市“项目+团队”重点培养专项(XC202061)
山东大学规划设计研究院课题资助项目(KY202204)。
