摘要
分片是一种解决区块链扩容问题的技术,但是分片可能会导致恶意节点更容易集中在单个分片内,从而阻碍整个系统的安全运行。文中提出了一种基于信誉的区块链分片共识协议,通过建立信誉机制来衡量节点行为,促使节点遵循协议,并通过基于信誉等级的分片方法来减小各分片节点信誉等级分布的差异,防止恶意节点集中在单一分片进行作恶。提出一种验证链和记录链相结合的双链模型,该模型通过交易信息的差异化存储,在扩展区块链存储容量的同时提高了区块链的安全性。将投票份额与节点信誉相关联,同时差异化节点承诺,提出了基于信誉的快速拜占庭容错共识算法,使诚实节点更快达成共识,并减小恶意节点的影响。安全性分析表明,RCBSP能够保证分片内节点分布的合理性和共识过程的安全性,防止双花攻击、无利害关系攻击。实验结果表明,RBSCP在保证安全性的前提下,能够做到低分区时延、低共识时延和高吞吐量。
Sharding is a technology that solves the problem of blockchain capacity expansion.However, sharding may make it ea-sier for malicious nodes to be concentrated in a single shard, thus hindering the safe operation of the entire system.This paper proposes a reputation-based sharding consensus protocol(RBSCP),which establishes a reputation mechanism to measure node behavior and encourage nodes to follow the protocol.The reputation level-based sharding method reduces the difference in the reputation level distribution in different shards, so as to prevent malicious nodes from concentrating on a single shard to do evil.A double-chain model combining verification chain and record chain is proposed.Through the differentiated storage of transactions, the storage capacity of the blockchain is expanded while the security of the blockchain is improved.By associating the vo-ting shares with the node reputation and differentiating the node commitments, a reputation-based fast Byzantine fault tolerance(RFBFT) algorithm is proposed, which enables honest nodes to reach consensus faster and reduces the impact of malicious nodes.Security analysis shows that RBSCP can guarantee the rationality of node distribution in shards and the security of consensus process, and prevent double spend attack and nothing at stake attack.Experimental results show that RBSCP can achieve low sharding latency, low consensus latency and high throughput under the premise of ensuring security.
作者
王梦楠
黄建华
邵兴辉
麦勇
WANG Meng-nan;HUANG Jian-hua;SHAO Xing-hui;MAI Yong(School of Information Science and Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Business,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)
出处
《计算机科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期297-309,共13页
Computer Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(61472139)。
关键词
区块链
分片
信誉机制
双链模型
共识协议
Blockchain
Sharding
Reputation mechanism
Double-chain model
Consensus protocol
