摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池是一种能够将燃料的化学能直接高效地和环境友好地转化为电能的绿色能源技术。质子交换膜燃料电池具有能量转化效率高、启动快速、零排放或者低排放等优点,被认为是后石油时代最为重要的能源替代技术之一。然而目前使用的电催化剂存在铂用量高和稳定性不足等问题。开发高性能低Pt催化剂对于降低质子交换膜燃料电池成本、促进质子交换膜燃料电池的大规模商业化应用具有十分重要的意义。Pt基金属间化合物是一类具有严格元素化学计量比和规整原子排列结构的合金化合物,其氧还原反应催化活性明显优于相应的Pt基无序合金及纯Pt催化剂,被认为是最具应用前景的低Pt催化剂之一。本文着重从催化机理、制备技术、组成调控、颗粒度调控、形貌调控和晶体结构等几个方面介绍了Pt基金属间化合物催化剂近来的研究进展,以及这类催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应中的应用研究情况,指出了这类催化剂目前尚存在的不足及挑战,并展望了未来的研究发展思路及方向。
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a green energy technology that can directly, efficiently and environmentally-friendly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell has high energy conversion efficiency, fast startup, zero or low emissions. It is considered to be one of the most important energy alternative technologies in the post-oil era. Unfortunately, the current electrocatalysts suffer from high platinum loading and insufficient stability. The development of high-performance low-platinum catalysts is of great significance for reducing the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and promoting the large-scale commercial application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Pt-based intermetallic compound is a kind of materials with determined stoichiometric ratio and regular atomic arrangement structure. It has been recognized as one of the most promising low-platinum catalysts, due to its much better catalytic activity and stability than corresponding disordered alloy materials and conventional Pt catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction. In this paper, we have introduced the research progress of Pt-based intermetallic compounds catalysts from the aspects of catalytic mechanism, preparation technology, composition tuning, particle size tuning, morphology tuning and crystal structure in recent years, and the investigations on the application of intermetallic compounds in the oxygen reduction reaction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Moreover, the problems and challenges need to be overcome and addressed for the catalysts are pointed out, and a perspective for the research and development ideas and directions in the future is made.
作者
朱月香
赵伟悦
李朝忠
廖世军
Yuexiang Zhu;Weiyue Zhao;Chaozhong Li;Shijun Liao(The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells Technology of Guangdong Province,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1337-1347,共11页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFB0102900,2016YFB0101201)
国家自然科学基金(No.51971094,21476088,21776104)
广东省自然科学基金(No.2015A030312007)资助。
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池
Pt基金属间化合物
氧还原反应
制备技术
proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Pt-based intermetallic compound
oxygen reduction reaction
preparation technology
