摘要
先兆流产是妇产科妊娠妇女常见的疾病之一,通常是指妊娠28周前,出现少量阴道流血和(或)下腹疼痛,宫口未开,胎膜未破,妊娠物尚未排出,子宫大小与停经周数相符。先兆流产根据发生时孕周的不同,可以分为发生在孕12周前的早期先兆流产和发生在孕13~28周的晚期先兆流产。先兆流产如果不经过治疗,可能引起宫腔感染和腹痛导致宫缩,造成难免流产、完全流产等情况。先兆流产可能造成患者无法再次妊娠,对初产妇而言危害性较大。其中染色体异常是先兆流产最常见因素,母体解剖因素也是主要因素,先天性因素包括子宫先天性异常,包括单角子宫、双角子宫、子宫发育不良、纵隔子宫等,获得性生殖道解剖异常主要包括宫腔黏连、子宫肌瘤等均为先兆流产的诱因。本文从染色体异常、免疫与血栓形成、解剖因素、内分泌因素、男方因素、感染因素、环境因素等九方面进行综述,以期为临床先兆流产的早期预防和治疗提供思路与参考。
Threatened abortion is one of the common diseases of pregnant women in obstetrics and gynecology.It usually refers to a small amount of vaginal bleeding and/or lower abdominal pain before 28weeks of pregnancy,when the cervix is not opened,the fetal membranes are not ruptured,the pregnancy material is not discharged,and the size of the uterus is consistent with the number of weeks of menopause.According to the different gestational weeks,threatened abortion can be divided into early threatened abortion before 12 weeks of pregnancy and late threatened abortion from 13 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.If the threatened abortion is not treated,it may cause infection of the uterine cavity,and uterine contractions caused by abdominal pain,resulting in inevitable miscarriage,complete miscarriage,etc.Threatened abortion may prevent the patient from being able to conceive again,which is extremely harmful to primiparas.Chromosomal abnormalities are the most common cause of threatened abortion,and maternal anatomical factors are also important.Congenital factors include uterine congenital abnormalities,including unicorn uterus,bi-corneal uterus,uterine dysplasia,mediastinal uterus,etc.;acquired reproductive tract anatomical abnormalities mainly include intrauterine adhesions,uterine fibroids,etc.This paper reviews nine aspects,including chromosome abnormalities,immune and thrombosis,anatomical factors,endocrine factors,male factors,infection factors and environmental factors etc.,in order to provide ideas and reference for early prevention and treatment of threatened abortion.
作者
杨丽丽
YANG Li-li(Obstetrics and Gynecology Department,Tianjin Jizhou District People's Hospital,Tianjin 301900,China)
出处
《中国城乡企业卫生》
2022年第6期27-29,共3页
Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
关键词
先兆流产
病因
发病机制
妊娠
染色体
Threatened abortion
Pathogeny
Pathogenesis
Pregnancy
Chromosome
