摘要
基于“中国乡村振兴综合调查”(CRRS)2020年数据,分析了中国农村老年人的收入结构与收入不平等,并从经济层面探讨了农村老年人的养老状态。研究发现,农村老年人人均总收入略低于农村人口平均水平,但幅度并不大,这主要是因为转移净收入的上升在一定程度上弥补了劳动收入的下降。然而,农村老年人的总收入中依然有接近70%是通过劳动获得的,财产净收入和转移净收入没能为老年人提供足够的生活保障,农村老年人并没有真正进入“养老”状态。过于依赖劳动收入,使农村老年人面临比农村整体更高的收入不平等,这种不平等随年龄增长而扩大,进一步降低了老年人的福利。70岁前后是农村老年人收入和生活状态的分界线,70岁前老年人尚能依靠劳动维持收入,70岁后随着劳动能力不均衡的下降,老年人群体进入一个收入既低、分配又极不平等的困境,这是当前中国农村居民养老面临的“古稀陷阱”。据此,应强化农村养老的社会责任,通过农村产权制度改革和城乡养老保障体系优化,分层次、有步骤地提高农村老年人非劳动收入水平,提升农村居民养老质量。
Based on the data of CRRS in 2020,this paper analyzed the income structure and income inequality of the elderly,and discussed the pension status of the elderly in rural China.The study found that the total per capita income of the rural elderly was slightly lower than the rural average,mainly because the decline in labor income was partly offset by a rise in net transfer income.However,nearly 70%of the total income of the rural elderly was still obtained through labor,and the net income of property and transfer was could not provide enough life security for the elderly,so the rural elderly have not really entered the state of“pension”.Over⁃reliance on labor income exposed the elderly to higher income inequality than whole rural population,which widened with age.The age of 70 marked the dividing line between the income and living conditions of the rural elderly.Before the age of 70,the elderly could still rely on work to maintain their income,while after the age of 70,with the uneven decline of work ability,they entered a dilemma of low income and unequal distribution.This was the“Seventy Trap”that China’s rural pension was facing at present.Therefore,we should strengthen the social responsibility of rural elderly care,through the reform of rural property rights system and the optimization of urban and rural old⁃age security system,improve the level of non⁃labor income of rural elderly people step by step,and improve the quality of care for the elderly rural residents.
作者
胡祎
魏后凯
HU Yi;WEI Houkai
出处
《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期45-57,共13页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
中国社会科学院重大经济社会调查项目“乡村振兴综合调查及中国农村调查数据库项目”(GQDC2020017)
中国社会科学院青年项目“农民工返乡创业带动乡村产业振兴典型案例研究”(2022YQNQD034)。
关键词
老龄化
农民收入
不平等
基尼系数
广义熵
Ageing
Farmers Income
Inequality
Gini Coefficient
General Entropy
