摘要
秦汉时期的私家奴婢,既是主家的财物,又是主家的“家人”。因其二重身份,私家奴婢既计入“财物簿”,又依主家著籍,计入主家总人口。私家奴婢承担国家算赋和一定的徭役任务,但作为主家财物,国家也有保护主家相关权利的义务。国家在承认私家奴婢财物性质的同时,也将其作为“人”进行管理,从法律上保障其生命权及其他权益。秦汉时期奴婢虽属贱民,但与编户民之间尚未形成不可逾越的鸿沟;与唐代相比,其“物”的属性尚未固定下来,但总体趋势是逐渐强化。私家奴婢处于主家与国家之间,其编户化与反编户化,直接影响着秦汉国家控制下的编户齐民的数量和质量。
Housemaids in the Qin and Han dynasties were not only the property of the master,but also “family members” of the master’s household.Due to their dual status,housemaids were included in the “property book” and the total population of the master’s household.Housemaids bore the burden of national tax and corvée,and the state had the obligation to protect the related rights of the master’s household.While recognizing the property nature of housemaids,the state managed them as “humans”,guaranteeing their right to life and other rights and interests.In the Qin and Han dynasties,there was no insurmountable gap between housemaids and registered civilians,although housemaids belonged to the pariah class.Compared with the situation in the Tang dynasty,the “object” attribute of housemaids had not been fixed,but the general trend was to gradually strengthen it.Housemaids were placed between the master’s household and the state,whose incorporation into the registered civilians or not directly affected the quantity and quality of registered civilians in the Qin and Han dynasties.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期14-25,共12页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“秦汉社会编户化进程研究”(18CZS012)。
关键词
秦汉
私家奴婢
家人
户籍
赋役
Qin and Han
Housemaids
Family Members
Household Registration
Tax and Corvée
