摘要
结合长沙市“一圈两场三道”两年行动计划的实践经验,从供需平衡的视角切入15分钟生活圈的公服设施绩效评估,围绕日常生活、长者照料、教育培养、文体娱乐、医疗护理、社区就业、公共空间、慢行环境等8个维度建立了28分项的指标评价体系,并通过手机信令数据测度居民小区的设施需求度、通过开源数据与调研数据测度设施供给情况,采用先评估居民小区、再均值降维至生活圈单元的方法展开分析,结果发现:(1)强政府导向型、弱市场导向型、景观导向型设施在空间分布存在不同偏好特征,并浅析了差异产生的原因;(2)不同年龄群体对公服设施的需求偏好不同,引入设施需求紧迫度的概念,可辅助判断设施缺项生活圈单元的建设时序,为其他城市的生活圈规划研究与实践提供一定参考。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,how to integrate"people-centered"values into the daily construction management of cities to meet"people’s yearning for a better life"has become a key issue in urban management and academic research.With the popularization of big data technology and the improvement of open source data,big cities in China successively planned and explored 15-minute community life circles(hereinafter referred to as"life circles")from 2014 to 2019.However,it is a common practice to simplify supply-demand matching problems between residents and facilities when evaluating facility coverage in a community from the perspective of maximum benefits,without considering the actual operation performance of public service facilities in the life circle unit.Due to different entry points and key concerns,there are problems in the academic exploration of public service facility performance in the life circles,such as poor performance or universality of evaluation methods,failure to accurately measure facility supply level and use demands of residents,etc.Existing research conclusions are difficult to apply in planning and practice for other cities.Therefore,this paper attempts to measure the facility demand of residential areas within life circles through cellular signaling data,measure facility supply through open source data and survey data,and ultimately construct a performance evaluation method for public service facilities in the life circles from the perspective of supply-demand balance.The research provided several recommendations for evaluating current situations and planning and perfecting life circles in other cities.Some major conclusions were drawn:(1)Cellular signaling data as a measurement method for performance evaluation of public service facilities in life circles was optimized.The facility layout in life circles was evaluated through the supply-demand relationship between facility points and residents in communities by introducing the concept of supply-demand balance.Firstly,facility level in residential areas was evaluated and the dimension of results was reduced to the life circle unit.This is closer to the practical usage of life circle units and avoids the shortage of traditional planning practices that analyze service scope simply by centering the neighborhood.The evaluation results are also easier to connect and coordinate with actual administrative jurisdiction boundaries and transformed into the year-by-year action plans for streets,towns,counties,and districts.As a result,the implementation and operability of the research is strengthened.(2)Preferred spatial distribution characteristics of strong government-oriented facilities,weak market-oriented facilities,and landscape-oriented facilities were proposed.Relevant causes were analyzed.Strong government-oriented facilities represented by kindergartens,primary schools,and middle schools are mainly control ed by government.Distribution of these facilities generally conforms to the grading layout laws of"city-district and county-street-community".The weak market-oriented facilities have a relatively higher degree of marketization and their distribution differences mainly reflect market preference of the community.Landscape-oriented facilities are mainly related to distribution of core landscape elements,but don’t show obvious spatial grading distribution.(3)Factors that influence the urgency of facility needs were introduced.According to proportions of different age groups represented by cellular signaling data,life circle units missing specific facility layout were recognized to help evaluate construction timing and urgency of life circle units with absent facilities.For instance,the middle-aged group proposed a higher demand for educational facilities such as kindergartens,primary schools,and middle schools.The elderly group has more urgent needs for facilities like public spaces,care for the elderly,and daily life activities.
作者
吴海平
孙曦亮
周健
WU Haiping;SUN Xiliang;ZHOU Jian
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期62-71,共10页
South Architecture
基金
湖南省科学技术厅-湖南创新型省份建设专项经费资助课题(2019SK2101):智慧湖南国土空间规划关键技术研究与示范“52、新时代国土空间规划关键技术研究与示范”
国土资源评价与利用湖南省重点实验室-开放课题资助(SYS-ZX-202003):十五分钟生活圈视角下的公共服务设施配置优化关键技术研究及应用示范。
关键词
供需平衡
15分钟生活圈
公共服务设施
绩效评估
长沙市
supply and demand balance
15-minute life circle
public service facilities
performance evaluation
Changsha City
