摘要
1949—1978年是新中国半导体技术起步成长的阶段,其发展脉络可以从政、企、教、研四个维度进行梳理。从电信工业局到第四机械工业部、从“156项目”到三线建设、从院校教育到职工教育、从国产第一根锗晶体管的诞生到“南锗北硅”路线的形成,回顾这段历史,可以发现:国家扶持是科技成长的关键,自主创新是民族工业成长的必由之路,民用市场是技术创新的活力源,自组织机制是产业技术升级迭代的关键。
The period from 1949 to 1978 was the initial growth stage of semiconductor technology in New China,and its development context can be combed from four dimensions:politics,enterprises,education and research.From the Telecommunications Industry Bureau to the Fourth Ministry of Machinery Industry,“156 project”to the third line construction,college education to staff education,the birth of the first domestic germanium transistor to the formation of the“south germanium and north silicon”route,we can find that national support is the key to the growth of science and technology,and independent innovation is the only way for the growth of a national industry.Civil market is a source of vitality for technological innovation,and self-organization mechanisms are the key to the iteration of industrial technology advancements.
作者
吴熙
潜伟
Wu Xi;Qian Wei(Institute for Science and Technology History and Cultural Heritage,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
关键词
电子工业
半导体
晶体管
南锗北硅
科研体制
electronic industry
semiconductor
transistor
south germanium and north silicon
scientific research system
