摘要
为揭示乌拉特灌域土壤盐分的时空变化特征,明确影响土壤盐渍化的主导因子,运用主成分分析和Kriging插值法,分析研究区0-40 cm土层土壤pH、全盐量及盐基离子的季节性变化特征及空间分布。结果表明:研究区土壤主要为轻中度盐化土,春夏秋季土壤全盐量平均值在2 g/kg以上,属于中度盐化土;0-20cm土层土壤全盐量比20-40 cm土层土壤高0.807 g/kg,是盐分的积累层。土壤阳离子以K^(+)+Na^(+)为主,阴离子以SO_(4)^(2-)和Cl^(-)为主。各层土壤盐基离子表现为春季>秋季>夏季;阳离子Mg^(2+)、K^(+)+Na^(+)和Ca^(2+)的变异系数在99.73%-191.20%之间,具有较强的变异性;阴离子中SO_(4)^(2-)和Cl^(-)变异系数在116.75%-193.78%之间,表现出极强的变异性;HCO_(3)^(-)在春夏秋季变异系数均介于10%-100%之间,属中等变异。主成分分析表明,全盐量、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、K^(+)+Na^(+)在第一主成分上的因子载荷较大,与土壤盐渍化关系密切;pH和HCO_(3)^(-)在第二主成分相对其他因子的载荷较高,说明第二主成分主要影响土壤的碱度,表征土壤碱性特征。0-40cm土层非盐化土占研究区面积的0.1%左右;春夏秋季轻中度盐化土面积最大,占总面积的75%以上,4与10月在研究区东部存在少量轻度盐化土,且10月(341.1 km^(2))大于4月(147.8 km^(2)),7月的轻度盐化土面积为761.3 km^(2)。因此,确定土壤盐渍化主导因子及其时空分布特征可为乌拉特灌域土壤盐渍化治理和土地资源可持续利用提供理论依据。
In order to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics of soil salinity in the Wulate irrigation area,and to clarify the dominant factors affecting soil salinization,principal component analysis and Kriging interpolation were used to analyze the seasonal variation characteristics and spatial distribution of pH,total salt content and saline ions in the 0-40 cm soil layer.The results showed that the soil in the study area was mainly mildly to moderately salinized soil.The average total salt content of the soil in spring,summer and autumn was more than 2 g/kg,which belongs to moderately saline soil;the total salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.807 g/kg higher than that of 20-40 cm soil layer,indicating 0-20 cm soil layer was an accumulation layer of salt.The soil cations were mainly K^(+)+Na^(+),and the anions were mainly SO_(4)^(2-)and Cl^(-).The saline ions in each layer showed as in spring>autumn>summer;the variation coefficients of cations Mg^(2+),K^(+)+Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)were between99.73%and 191.20%,with strong variability;the variation coefficients of anions SO_(4)^(2-)and Cl^(-)were between 116.75%and 193.78%,showing a greatly strong variability;the variation coefficients of HCO_(3)^(-)in spring,summer and autumn were between 10%and 100%,which was a medium variability.Principal component analysis showed that total salt content、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、K^(+)+Na^(+)had a large factor loading on the first principal component and were closely related to soil salinization;pH and HCO_(3)^(-)were in the second principal component relative to other factors,and the load was higher,indicating that the second principal component mainly affected the alkalinity of the soil,that characterizes the alkalinity of the soil.0-40 cm soil layer non-salinized soil accounted for about 0.1%of the study area;the area of mildly to moderately saline soil was the largest in spring,summer and autumn,accounting for more than 75%of the total area.There were a small amount of mildly saline soil in the eastern part of the study area in April and October,and that in October(341.1 km^(2))was greater than in April(147.8 km^(2)),and the area of mildly saline soil in July was 761.3 km^(2).Therefore,determining the dominant factors of soil salinization and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics can provide a theoretical basis for soil salinization management and sustainable use of land resources in the Wulate irrigation area.
作者
王波
杨树青
袁宏颖
郑彦
张晶
WANG Bo;YANG Shu-qing;YUAN Hong-ying;ZHENG Yan;ZHANG Jing(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期29-36,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(zdzx2018059)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201802084)
国家自然科学基金(52069023)。
关键词
乌拉特灌域
土壤盐渍化
主成分分析
空间变异
季节性
Wulate irrigation area
soil salinization
principal component analysis
spatial variation
seasonality
