摘要
为探究不同生育期水分亏缺和不同施氮水平对番茄叶片生理特征和水氮利用的影响,以提高番茄抗逆性,增加有机物积累并提高水氮利用效率为目标,开展温室小区试验,设置4个灌水水平(W1:全生育期充分灌水;W2:苗期减少50%灌水量;W3:苗期和开花坐果期各减少50%灌水量;W4:苗期、开花坐果期和成熟期各减少50%灌水量)和3个施氮水平(N1:400 kg·hm^(-2);N2:300 kg·hm^(-2);N3:200 kg·hm^(-2)),分析番茄叶片酶活性和SPAD值对不同灌水和施氮水平的响应,并探究水氮供应对番茄生长及水氮利用的影响。结果表明:减少灌水量可提高番茄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,W2水平的SOD、POD活性最高,MDA含量最低,W2水平下SOD、POD活性随着施氮量的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势,而MDA含量变化趋势则相反,W2N2处理的SOD、POD活性最大,分别较W1N1处理提高25.90%、71.74%,MDA含量最低,较W1N1处理降低8.07%;番茄中位叶SPAD值与不同叶位SPAD值的平均值呈较强的正相关关系,随着施氮量的减小,不同叶位SPAD平均值逐渐减小,随着灌水量减小SPAD值呈先增大后减小的趋势,且中位叶SPAD值较上位叶和下位叶分别高4.72%~14.43%和5.18%~12.82%;随着灌水量和施氮量的减少,番茄生物量及商品产量逐渐减小,W1N1处理的番茄生物量及商品产量最大,分别为9765.12 kg·hm^(-2)和92.61 t·hm^(-2);适当节水减氮有利于番茄对水氮的利用,W2N2处理水分利用率最高,较W1N3处理(最低值)提高22.40%;W1N3处理氮肥偏生产力最高,较最低值(W4N1)高72.00%。W2N2处理的主成分分析综合得分最高,在抗逆性强的同时有助于番茄生长及对水氮的充分利用,是本试验条件下最佳的水氮处理。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water deficit at different growth stages and different nitrogen application on leaf physiological characteristics and water and nitrogen utilization of greenhouse tomato,in order to improve tomato stress resistance,increase organic matter accumulation and improve water and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Through the greenhouse plot experiment,four irrigation levels of W1(full irrigation during the whole growth period),W2(50%less irrigation at seedling stage),W3(50%less irrigation at seedling and flowering and fruit-setting stages),and W4(50%reduction of irrigation at seedling stage,flowering and fruit-setting stage,and mature stage)and three nitrogen application levels(N1:400 kg·hm^(-2);N2:300 kg·hm^(-2);N3:200 kg·hm^(-2))were used.The responses of enzyme activity and SPAD value in tomato leaves to different irrigation and nitrogen application levels were analyzed,and the effects of water and nitrogen supply on tomato growth and utilization of water and nitrogen were investigated.The results showed that reducing irrigation amount increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA).The activities of SOD and POD in W2 level were the highest,while the content of MDA was the lowest.Under W2 level,the activities of SOD and POD first increased and then decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application amount.The activities of SOD and POD in treatment W2N2 were the highest,which were 25.90%and 71.74%higher than that in treatment W1N1,respectively.The content of MDA was the lowest,which was 8.07%lower than that in treatment W1N1.There was a strong positive correlation between the SPAD value of tomato median leaves and the mean SPAD value of different leaf positions.With the decrease of nitrogen application amount,the mean SPAD value of different leaf positions gradually decreased,and with the decrease of irrigation amount,the SPAD value first increased and then decreased.The SPAD values of the median leaves were 4.72%~14.43%and 5.18%~12.82%higher than those of the upper and lower leaves,respectively.With the decrease of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount,the biomass and market yield of tomato decreased gradually.The biomass and yield of tomato under treatment W1N1 were the highest,which were 9765.12 kg·hm^(-2) and 92.61 t·hm^(-2),respectively.Appropriate water saving and nitrogen reduction were beneficial to the utilization of water and nitrogen in tomato.The water use efficiency of W2N2 was the highest,22.40%higher than that of W1N3(the lowest).The nitrogen partial productivity of treatment W1N3 was the highest,72.00%higher than that of treatment W4N1(the lowest).The W2N2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score of principal component analysis,and it had the strongest stress resistance and was conducive to the growth of tomato and full utilization of water and nitrogen,so it was the best water and nitrogen treatment under the conditions of this experiment.
作者
李旭峰
马娟娟
郑利剑
孙西欢
郭向红
LI Xufeng;MA Juanjuan;ZHENG Lijian;SUN Xihuan;GUO Xianghong(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期121-128,196,共9页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211011)
山西省研究生教育创新项目(2020SY474)
河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(FIRI202004-0102)。
关键词
叶片酶活性
水氮利用效率
水分亏缺
设施番茄
主成分分析
leaf enzyme activity
water and nitrogen utilization efficiency
water deficit
greenhouse tomato
principal component analysis
