摘要
随着区块链技术的不断发展与创新,大量基于区块链的应用不断诞生,如今的区块链系统大多是异构且不互联的,链与链之间无法进行直接的价值流通,这在很大程度上限制了区块链的功能拓展与发展空间。跨链技术指在不同区块链系统实例之间交换信息,并对交换的信息加以利用,实现区块链之间的互联互通和价值转移。文中首先介绍了区块链跨链技术的发展历程,详细介绍了公证人机制、侧链中继、哈希锁定和分布式私钥控制4种当前主流的跨链技术;接着,基于上述跨链技术,介绍了几种当前的主流跨链项目与应用;最后,通过对比几种跨链技术在信任模型、安全性、原子性和可扩展性等不同性能上的异同,总结分析了当前跨链技术的发展趋势,并探讨了跨链领域面临的难点问题和今后的发展方向。
With the continuous development and innovation of blockchain technology,a large number of blockchain-based applications have been generated.Today’s blockchain systems are mostly heterogeneous and not interconnected,and there is no direct value circulation between chains.This greatly limits the functional expansion and development of blockchains.Cross-chain technology refers to the exchange of information between different blockchain system instances and the use of the exchanged information to achieve interconnection and value transfer between blockchains.Firstly,this paper introduces the development process of blockchain cross-chain technology,and introduces in detail four current mainstream cross-chain technologies including the notary mechanism,the side chain relay,the hash lock and the distributed private key control.Then,based on the above-mentioned cross-chain technology,it further introduces several current mainstream cross-chain projects and applications.Finally,by comparing the similarities and differences of several cross-chain technologies in trust model,security,atomicity,scalability,etc.,the current development trend of cross-chain technology is summarized and analyzed,and the difficulties and future development direction in the field of cross-chain are discussed.
作者
孙浩
毛瀚宇
张岩峰
于戈
徐石成
何光宇
SUN Hao;MAO Han-yu;ZHANG Yan-feng;YU Ge;XU Shi-cheng;HE Guang-yu(School of Computer Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China;Neusoft Corporation,Shenyang 110179,China)
出处
《计算机科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期287-295,共9页
Computer Science
基金
辽宁省重点研发计划(2020JH2/10100037)
东软集团股份有限公司开放课题(NCBETOP2001)。
关键词
区块链
跨链技术
公证人机制
侧链中继
哈希锁定
分布式私钥控制
Blockchain
Cross-chain technology
Notary mechanism
Side chain relay
Hash lock
Distributed private key control
