摘要
河北省是中国重要的粮食生产基地,水资源极为短缺,地下水超采严重。本文依据2019年河北省地下水灌区620份问卷调研数据,采用“以电折水”方法计算现状水价,应用门限回归模型检验灌溉水价对灌溉用水量的门限效应,并采用双对数线性模型建立两阶段灌溉用水需求价格函数。研究表明:①2019年河北省地下水灌区现状灌溉水价偏低,为0.35元/m^(3),现状灌溉用水量比灌溉定额高61.01 m^(3)/亩,说明水价有提升空间;②灌溉用水需求价格曲线拐点对应的水价门限值为0.33元/m^(3),低于拐点时弹性系数为-0.21,高于拐点时弹性系数为-0.69,说明第一阶段水价提高对节水的作用较弱,第二阶段水价提高对灌溉节水的激励效果显著;③灌溉定额对应的水价为0.67元/m^(3),当现状水价提升到定额水价时,与现状灌溉用水量相比,节水率为27.60%。本文建议采用灌溉定额管理制度,推行定额水价,以发挥灌溉水价对农业节水的杠杆作用,研究结论可为地下水灌区的农业水价综合改革提供理论依据。
Hebei Province is one of the most important granaries in China. The long-term over exploitation of groundwater has caused serious ecological and environmental problems. Based on620 questionnaire survey data of the groundwater irrigation area in Hebei Province in 2019, current water price was calculated by the method of“converting electricity to water”. The fixed water price based on irrigation quota was determined. Nonparametric test was used to estimate the trend relationship between water price and water use. The double logarithm linear model was established to obtain the price elasticity coefficient of irrigation water demand. The threshold estimation method was used to calculate the inflection point of current water price to irrigation water consumption. The results show that:(1) The current irrigation water price is low, which is at 0.35 yuan/m^(3), and the current irrigation water consumption is 61.06 m^(3)/mu higher than the irrigation quota, indicating that there is a scope for improvement in water price;(2) The threshold value of water price corresponding to the inflection point of irrigation water demand price curve is 0.33 yuan/m^(3). The elasticity coefficient below the inflection point is -0.21, and the elasticity coefficient above the inflection point is -0.69, indicating that the increase of water price in the first stage has a weak effect on water saving, and the incentive effect of water price in the second stage on irrigation water saving is significant;(3) The fixed water price of wheat planting is 0.67 yuan/m^(3). When the water price is raised to the fixed water price, the incentive effect of water price on irrigation water saving is significant. Compared with the current situation, the water saving rate of wheat planting is 27.60%. This study suggested that quota management of irrigation water resources should be adopted for different regions and cropsin order to give full play to the leveraging effect of water prices on agricultural water saving. The study provides a reference for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing in groundwater irrigation area.
作者
王西琴
张馨月
周嫚
刘子刚
WANG Xiqin;ZHANG Xinyue;ZHOU Man;LIU Zigang(School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Environment&Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期2538-2545,共8页
Resources Science
基金
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111001)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA074)。
关键词
灌溉水价
灌溉用水量
水资源需求价格弹性
弹性系数
门限效应
定额管理
河北地下水灌区
irrigation water price
irrigation water use
price elasticity of water demand
elasticity coefficient
threshold effect
quota management
groundwater irrigation area in Hebei Province
