摘要
中国正处在农业绿色转型与高质量发展的关键期,减少农业温室气体排放对促进农业可持续发展及实现2060年碳中和有重要作用。本文在系统回顾近年来中国农业碳减排的相关政策与研究进展的基础上,梳理了中国农业碳减排的治理结构。中国已初步形成农业碳中和的政策体系,涵盖了农业减排固碳的主要方面,但政策目标仍有待明确和细化,且需进一步推动技术创新和提升资源利用效率。当前研究围绕低碳农业开展了大量实证和模型分析,研究内容从农业碳排放测算逐步转向农业碳减排措施设计与效果评估、农业碳减排措施的实施与落实等方面。然而,相关研究仍需进一步完善农业碳排放的核算,并在考虑农业发展受到多目标制约的前提条件下综合评估农业碳减排措施的环境及社会经济影响。在农业碳减排的治理结构方面,形成了以政府、市场和社会组织为治理主体与农户作为实施主体的农业碳减排治理框架,但仍需加强中观和微观层面政策措施的制定,并综合考虑治理主体和实施主体的协作互动,通过直接和间接手段激发农户碳减排的积极性。本研究可为进一步制定农业碳减排政策措施和开展相关研究提供科学依据。
Reduction of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions in China’s agricultural sector is essential to achieving carbon neutrality by2060. China has been promoting the green transformation of its agricultural sector. This study systematically reviewed the policies and researches that are related to the reduction of GHG emissions in China’s agricultural sector, and established a governance framework for guiding future research that focuses on emission reduction in agriculture. Our results showed that China’s agriculture-related policies have already covered the main aspects of GHG emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the agricultural sector;however, technological innovation and resource use efficiency improvements should be further endorsed along with explicit policy targets. Among the existing literature, researches have focused on the estimation of agricultural GHG emissions to impact the evalu-ation of specific policies and measures. Future research on the improvement of agricultural GHG emission accounting and integrated assessment of emission reduction measures is needed. A governance framework for mitigating GHG emissions in agriculture has been identified in China, in which the government, market, and social organizations are the main governance entities, and the farmers are the implementation entities. Hence, to encourage farmers to reduce GHG emissions, the interactions between governmental entities and implementation entities should be considered when designing effective policies. This study summarized the current status of policies and research that are related to the mitigation of China’s agricultural GHG emissions and provided future perspectives on policy design and research foci.
作者
林斌
徐孟
汪笑溪
LIN Bin;XU Meng;WANG Xiaoxi(China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期500-515,共16页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(72134006)
浙江大学生态文明计划
浙江大学-IFPRI中心项目(126000-541902)
国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD091)资助。
关键词
碳中和
温室气体排放
碳减排
政策效果评估
低碳农业生产
Carbon neutrality
Greenhouse gas emissions
Carbon emission reduciton
Policy impact evaluation
Low-carbon agricul-tural production
