摘要
[目的]研究洪泽湖大堤不同植物群落土壤稳定性、水土保持功能及抗冲能力,为洪泽湖大堤植物的选择及功能的提升提供科学依据。[方法]通过称重法、重铬酸钾外加热氧化法、环刀法、湿筛法、索波列夫抗冲仪和静水崩解法测定洪泽湖大堤杨树、杨树与水杉混交林、水杉、朴树和狗牙根等不同植物群落的根系生物量、土壤有机质、容重、水稳定性团聚体、抗冲性和水稳性指数。[结果]在所有的植物群落中,杨树的平均胸径、树高、冠幅和郁闭度均最高。随着土层深度(0—45 cm)的增加,5种植物群落的根系生物量逐渐降低,而且朴树根系生物量在各土层中均高于其他植物群落,其次为杨树和狗牙根(除第3土层外)。大多数情况下,杨树和朴树群落可以有效提高大堤3个土层的土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机质含量。此外,0—15 cm和15—30 cm土层中,杨树群落的<0.25 mm团聚体含量,以及朴树群落的>0.25 mm团聚体含量高于其他植物群落。不同植物群落对地表土壤的护堤防蚀效应明显不同。狗牙根和杨树群落的土壤抗冲性和水稳性指数最高,其次为杨树×水杉和朴树群落,水杉群落显著低于其他群落。相关性分析表明,植物群落的护堤防蚀效应(土壤抗冲与水稳性指数)与根系生物量、土壤有机质含量、容重、总孔隙度显著正相关。[结论]杨树、朴树和狗牙根群落土壤稳定性较高,护堤防蚀能力突出,针对目前以杨树为主的防护林,可进行合理的林相改造、加强群落配置,从而提升洪泽湖大堤防护林功能。
[Objective]The soil stability,soil and water conservation functions,and anti-scourability of different vegetation types were assessed in order to provide a scientific basis for species selection and function improvement of the Hongze Lake embankment shelterbelt.[Methods]Root biomass,soil organic matter,soil bulk density,porosity,water-stable aggregates,anti-scouribility,and soil erosion resistance of Populus simonii var.przewalskii,Celtis sinensis,P.simonii var.przewalskii×Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Cynodon dactylon,and M.glyptostroboides were analyzed using the weight method,the potassium dichromate heating oxidation method,the ring-knife method,the wet sieving method,the Sobolev anti-rush experiment,and the hydrostatic disintegrating method,respectively.[Results]Among all of the vegetation types,P.simonii var.przewalskii was greatest in diameter at breast height,height,crown width,and canopy density.Root biomass of the five vegetation types decreased with the increasing soil depth from 0 to 45 cm,and C.sinensis had the highest values in each soil layer among the tested plants,followed by P.simonii var.przewalskii and C.dactylon(except for the third soil layer).In most cases,Populus simonii var.przewalskii and C.sinensis significantly increased soil organic matter,soil bulk density,and total porosity.Additionally,the amounts of microaggregates(<0.25 mm)under P.simonii var.przewalskii and the amounts of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)under C.sinensis were much greater than those under other vegetation types in the 0—15 and 15—30 cm layers.The protecting effects on the embankment varied with the vegetation type.The soil under P.simonii var.przewalskii and C.dactylon was highest in soil anti-scouribility and erosion resistance,followed by those under Populus spp.and P.simonii var.przewalskii[HJ]×M.glyptostroboides.The protecting effects under M.glyptostroboides were the lowest.Significantly positive relationships were observed for the effects on protecting the embankment from erosion indicated by soil anti-scouribility and erosion resistance with root biomass,soil organic matter,soil bulk density,and total porosity.[Conclusion]Therefore,soils under P.simonii var.przewalskii,C.sinensis,and C.dactylon had high stability,and thus,these vegetation types have great potential for protecting embankments from erosion.For the present shelterbelt mainly planted to P.simonii var.przewalskii,reasonable forest improvement and plant community configuration could be used as effective measures to improve the function of the Hongze Lake embankment shelterbelt.
作者
施钦
芦治国
徐铭
张锐
华建峰
陈昌仁
Shi Qin;Lu Zhiguo;Xu Ming;Zhang Rui;Hua Jianfeng;Chen Changren(Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;Jiangsu Provincial Hongze Lake Hydraulic Engineering Management Division,Huaian,Jiangsu 223100,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期42-48,共7页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
江苏省水利科技项目“洪泽湖大堤生态防护林功能提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019030)。
关键词
洪泽湖大堤
植被
护堤防蚀
土壤
抗冲指数
Hongze Lake embankment
vegetation
shelterbelt
soil properties
anti-scouribility index
