摘要
我国农村人口老龄化日益加深,城乡倒置问题不断加剧,但农村社会化养老基础薄弱,养老服务存在供给主体权责不明晰、供需不匹配和服务质量不高等问题,在纵向层级上发展不均衡,乡镇和村级养老服务尤为缺失。国家近年出台的政策强调健全县乡村衔接的三级养老服务网络,完善农村养老服务体系。江苏省较早进入人口老龄化,率先利用财政资金支持、引入市场和社会力量参与养老服务供给,探索构建县乡村三级养老服务网络。通过县级建立特困人员集中供养机构、乡镇改造农村区域性养老服务中心、村级推行互助式养老,将养老服务由县向乡和村延伸,在县乡村各级实现机构、社区和居家养老服务的有机结合。从全国来看,农村养老服务网络的构建面临城乡和区域发展不平衡、社会化养老服务机构不完善、供需不匹配等问题,可借鉴江苏省的经验统筹规划农村养老服务体系建设。
While the rural Chinese population has been rapidly aging and rural China has become increasingly more aged,the social service system for rural elderly people has been far from well-established.There remain many problems.For instance,the rights and responsibilities of various eldercare service providers have not been clearly clarified,there has always been a mismatch between service supply and demand,and the quality of rural eldercare services has been far from satisfactory.Particularly,eldercare services have been unevenly developed in rural China with significant shortage at the township and village levels.In most recent years,the government has introduced a series of policies to strengthen the county-township-village integrated eldercare service networks for rural elderly people and improve the rural eldercare service system.Jiangsu Province,one of the earliest provinces in China facing the challenges of population aging has already explored the path of constructing eldercare service networks at county-township-village levels by providing public funds,motivating market sectors and social organizations to be involved in eldercare provision and so on.The rural eldercare service system has thus to some extent been extended from counties to towns and villages in Jiangsu Province by establishing institutional care for the extremely poor elderly people at the county level,rebuilding regional eldercare service centers at the township level,and promoting mutual-support eldercare at the village level.Meanwhile,the institutional care,community-based care and home-based care for rural elderly people have been integrated at county-township-village levels in many areas within Jiangsu Province.Yet there remain numerous challenges in China in terms of improving the rural eldercare service system including overreliance on governmental funding and insufficient involvement of market sectors and social organizations,which need a systematic overall policy design in the future.
作者
张艳霞
吴佳宝
刘远冬
朱启臻
ZHANG Yanxia;WU Jiabao;LIU Yuandong;ZHU Qizhen
出处
《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期167-179,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences
基金
2020年中国老龄事业发展基金会项目“我国农村养老服务研究”。
关键词
农村老年人
县乡村衔接
三级养老服务网络
构建路径
Rural elderly people
County-township-village integration
Eldercare service networks at county-township-village levels
Constructing path
