摘要
[目的]探究中亚热带不同演替森林群落土壤大孔隙及对结构分形特征的响应,为不同森林群落土壤大孔隙及生态功能予以数据支撑。[方法]选择滇中磨盘山演替初期的云南松林、演替中期的云南松阔叶树混交林和演替顶级的常绿阔叶林为对象,利用染色示踪法结合图像形态学分析,探讨土壤分形特征及其对大孔隙的影响。[结果]垂直剖面大孔隙数量和总孔隙度总体随土层加深而减小,水平方向孔隙半径越大,数量越少;不同林地间孔隙度大小依次为:云南松阔叶树混交林>常绿阔叶林>云南松林。孔隙面密度(Mz)随土层加深单调递减,孔隙复杂度(Dz)与其相反,常绿阔叶林Dz最大(2.006),云南松林最小(1.595),说明群落等级越高,结构越复杂,大孔隙扭曲变异度大。土壤分形特征表明,常绿阔叶林土壤结构较其余两种群落好,土层越深,土壤结构变差。相关分析显示,Mz与D_(团)(团聚体分形维数)有极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),Dz与D_(机)(土壤机械分形维数)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),不同径级团聚体含量和D_(团)与土壤孔隙面密度的影响较显著。[结论]土壤大孔隙与结构随演替进程明显提高,演替顶级群落的土壤结构稳定性最佳,研究结果可为降低土壤水分、养分流失和提升森林群落的生态服务功能等森林多功能经营提供参考。
[Objective]To study the structural fractal characteristics of different successional forest communities in the middle subtropical zone and its influences on soil macropores,so as to provide data support.[Method]The Pinus yunnanensis forest in the early succession,the P.yunnanensis-broadleaved mixed forest in the middle of succession and succession top evergreen broadleaved forest were chosen as the research objects in Mopanshan Mountain,central Yunnan.The methods of dyeing combined with image morphology analysis were adopted to analyze the fractal characteristics of soil and its influences on macropores.[Result]The number of macropores and total porosity in the vertical section generally decreased with the deepening of soil layer,while the number of horizontal pores decreased with the increase of radius.The order of porosity among different forests was P.yunnanensis and broadleaved mixed forest>evergreen broadleaved forest>P.yunnanensis forest.The pore surface density(Mz)decreased monotonously with the increase of soil depth,and the pore complexity(Dz)showed the opposite trend.The Dz of evergreen-broadleaved forest was the largest(2.006),while P.yunnanensis forest was the smallest(1.595),indicating the higher the community level,the more complex the structure,and the greater the distortion and variation of macropores.Soil fractal characteristics proved that the soil structure of evergreen broadleaved forest was better than that of the other two communities.The soil structure decreased with the increase of depth.The correlation analysis revealed that there existed a positive correlation between Mz and agglomerate fractal dimension(P<0.01),while DZ had a negative correlation with soil mechanical fractal dimension(P<0.05).The contents of different diameter aggregated and agglomerate fractal dimension had remarkably effects on soil pore surface density.[Conclusion]The soil macropores and structure will be greatly improved with the succession process,and the soil structure stability of the top succession community is the best.The research results could provide reference for reducing soil moisture and nutrient loss,thus improving the ecological service function of forest communities.
作者
朱梦雪
赵洋毅
王克勤
段旭
卢华兴
涂晓云
ZHU Meng-xue;ZHAO Yang-yi;WANG Ke-qin;DUAN Xu;LU Hua-xing;TU Xiao-yun(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,Chain;Yuxi Forestry Ecosystem Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期67-77,共11页
Forest Research
基金
云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202001AT070136)
国家自然科学基金项目(42067005
31860235)
云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-215
YNWR-QNBJ-2019-226)
国家林草局林业科技创新平台运行项目:云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站(2020132078)和云南玉溪森林生态系统国家长期科研基地(2020132550)
云南省自然生态监测网络项目(2020-YN-13)。
关键词
孔隙面密度
孔隙复杂度
林地
染色示踪
土壤分形特征
pore surface density
pore complexity
forest land
dyeing
soil fractal characteristics
