摘要
目的了解我国理发场所室内空气污染现状,初步评估室内主要空气污染物暴露对从业人员健康的影响。方法利用2020年度"全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目"中1 284家理发场所的监测数据。采用χ;检验比较不同分类组别之间氨、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、PM;及PM;浓度超标率的差异。采用Logistic回归分析每种室内空气污染物暴露水平与4 348名从业人员支气管炎、哮喘及过敏性皮炎患病风险之间的相关性。结果总体而言,理发场所室内以颗粒物超标情况最为严重,PM;和PM;的超标率分别为23.51%和13.69%。北方7种污染物的监测浓度和超标率均高于南方(P<0.05);甲苯和PM;的浓度和超标率以东部经济带最高;氨、甲醛、苯、二甲苯的浓度和超标率以西部经济带最高;PM;的浓度和超标率以中部经济带最高(P均<0.05);与小型理发场所相比,大中型理发场所中苯、甲苯、PM;和PM;的超标率较高(P<0.05)。对于在岗期间患支气管炎、哮喘或过敏性皮炎的从业人员,其甲醛、苯、二甲苯和PM;的暴露浓度均高于未患病人群(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及PM;暴露浓度越高,从业人员患支气管炎、哮喘及过敏性皮炎的风险均越高;PM;暴露浓度越高,从业人员患支气管炎的风险越高(P<0.05)。结论我国理发场所室内空气污染状况不容乐观,室内空气污染物暴露可能增加从业人员罹患支气管炎、哮喘及过敏性皮炎的风险。
Objective To investigate the current status of indoor air pollution in barbershops in China, and to assess the effects of exposure to indoor air pollutants on the health of the practitioners.Methods Using the monitoring data of 1284 barbershops from the National Health Risk Factor Surveillance Program in Public Places in 2020, the authors compared the differences of the unqualified rates among ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM;and PM;by the Chi-squared test, and used a Logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between the exposure level of each indoor air pollutant and the risk of bronchitis, asthma, and allergic dermatitis among 4348 practitioners.Results In barbershops, the unqualified rates of PM;and PM;were the highest, with 23.51% and 13.69%, respectively. All the seven pollutants showed higher concentrations and unqualified rates in the north than those in the south(all P <0.05). The concentrations and unqualified rates of toluene and PM;were the highest in the eastern economic belt;ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene were the highest in the western economic belt;and PM;were the highest in the central economic belt(all P <0.05). Compared with small barbershops, large barbershops had significantly higher unqualified rates of benzene, toluene, PM;, and PM;(all P <0.05). The exposure levels of formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, and PM;were significantly higher in practitioners suffering from bronchitis, asthma, or allergic dermatitis during employment than in those without the diseases(all P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the higher exposure levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and PM;, the higher risks of suffering from bronchitis, asthma, and allergic dermatitis in practitioners;the higher exposure level of PM;, the higher risk of bronchitis(P <0.05).Conclusion The status of indoor air pollution in barbershops in China is a concern. Exposure to indoor air pollutants may increase the risk of suffering from bronchitis, asthma, and allergic dermatitis in practitioners.
作者
王婷
李旭
齐静
龚淑涵
王心琪
刘航
韩旭
李莉
葛覃兮
郭文宏
樊琳
王先良
洪峰
苏丽琴
WANG Ting;LI Xu;QI Jing;GONG Shu-han;WANG Xin-qi;LIU Hang;HAN Xu;LI Li;GE Tan-xi;GUO Wen-hong;FAN Lin;WANG Xian-liang;HONG Feng;SU Li-qin(National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University)
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2022年第2期108-114,共7页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801102,2018YFC1801105)
全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目。
关键词
理发场所
室内空气污染
暴露评估
健康影响
从业人员
barbershop
indoor air pollution
exposure assessment
health impact
practitioners
