摘要
【目的】植食性昆虫的生长发育和繁殖受到季节和寄主植物的显著影响。为探明草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对寄主的适应机制,该研究系统地比较了该虫不同季节取食玉米叶和大豆叶关键生活史特性的差异。【方法】在夏初(日平均气温28.6℃)、夏中(日平均气温29.1℃)和秋中(日平均气温24.0℃)的自然条件下,分别测量了草地贪夜蛾取食玉米叶和大豆叶从卵孵化到化蛹和化蛹到成虫羽化的时间,以及蛹和成虫的体质量;在夏初(日平均气温28.2℃)、夏中(日平均气温30.9℃)和秋中(日平均气温21.4℃)的自然条件下分别观察了取食玉米叶和大豆叶的雌成虫交配成功率、产卵前期、产卵期、寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率。【结果】与取食大豆叶的草地贪夜蛾比较,取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾在夏初、夏中和秋中显示了显著短的幼虫发育历期,显著高的生长速率、较高的交配成功率、较短的产卵前期、较高的产卵量和显著高的卵孵化率。但以大豆叶饲养的草地贪夜蛾能顺利完成生活史。不论取食玉米叶还是大豆叶,雌性蛹期显著短于雄性,显示了雌性先熟现象;雄性蛹质量显著高于雌性,显示了性体型二型性;在夏初和夏中的高温下获得的蛹质量显著高于在秋中的中性温度下获得的蛹质量,没有遵循温度-体积大小法则;雄蛹在变态中比雌蛹丢失了更多的质量。【结论】取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾显示了高度的寄主适应性。取食大豆叶的草地贪夜蛾顺利完成了生活史,提示了随着草地贪夜蛾入侵时间推移和暴发频率增加,存在为害大豆的潜在风险。
[Objective]Development and reproduction of herbivorous insect are significantly influenced by season and host plant.This study aims to understand the food adaptation mechanisms of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda reared on the corn leaves and the soybean leaves in different seasons by comparing their differences in key life-history traits[.Method]The development time from hatching to pupation and from pupation to adult eclosion,pupal and adult weights were examined in early summer(the daily mean temperature of 28.6℃),mid-summer(the daily mean temperature of 29.1℃)and mid-autumn(the daily mean temperature of 24.0℃)under natural conditions.The mating success rate,pre-oviposition period,oviposition period,longevity,egg production and hatching rate were observed in early summer(the daily mean temperature of 28.2℃),midsummer(the daily mean temperature of 30.9℃)and mid-autumn(the daily mean temperature of 21.4℃)under natural conditions.[Result]Compared with the life-history traits of the fall armyworm feeding on soybean leaves,the fall armyworm feeding on corn leaves showed significantly shorter larval development time,significantly higher growth rate,higher mating success rate,shorter preoviposition period,higher egg production and significantly higher hatching rate.However,the fall armyworm feeding on soybean leaves successfully completed its life history.Regardless of whether the fall armyworm feeding on corn leaves or soybean leaves,the pupal developmental stage was significantly longer in males than in females,thus resulting in a protogyny phenomenon;the pupal weigh was smaller in females than in males,indicating sexual size dimorphism;the body weight was significantly heavier at high temperatures in early summer and mid-summer than that at neutral temperature in mid-autumn,without following the temperature-size rule;male pupae lost significantly more weight at metamorphosis compared to females.[Conclusion]The fall armyworm feeding on corn leaves showed high fitness.The fall armyworm feeding on soybean leaves successfully completed its life history,suggesting that there is a potential risk to harm soybean as the increasing of its invasion time and its frequency of outbreak.
作者
刘伟
徐强
黄丽莉
薛芳森
何海敏
LIU Wei;XU Qiang;HUANG Lili;XUE Fangsen;HE Haimin(Institute of Entomology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Department of Management Engineering,Shangrao Vocational&Technical College,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334109,China;Department of Ecology and Environment,Yuzhang Normal University,Nanchang 330103,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1032-1043,共12页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31560608)
江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBF63041)。
关键词
草地贪夜蛾
寄主植物
季节
发育历期
生长速率
体质量
繁殖力
Spodoptera frugiperda
host plant
season
development time
growth rate
body weight
fecundity
