摘要
天然矿物一般具有较高的晶格能和稳定的理化性质,导致其反应活性不足,在资源开发或作为功能材料应用时受到一定限制,因而需要对天然矿物进行一定的活化改性处理。针对天然矿物的活化改性问题,综述了机械力化学作用诱发矿物的晶体结构、表面性质和理化功能发生变化的效应与机制,及其在矿物表面有机化改性、强化浸出和环境修复应用等方面的研究进展。机械力化学作用可以使矿物粒度减小、表面积增大、持续产生大量新鲜表面、增加表面自由能,并最终提高其反应活性,实现矿物材料性能的优化或复杂矿物资源的选择性提取。最后,总结了天然矿物的机械力化学活化改性研究存在的局限并提出了未来研究方向,旨在为提高国内外矿物资源综合利用水平提供参考。
Utilization of natural minerals for resources development and functional materials preparation is commonly limited due to their low reactivity with characteristic high lattice energy and stable physicochemical properties,thereby requiring necessary modification and activation treatments.On this basis,introduces the effect and mechanism of mechanochemical process on inducing the transformation of crystal structure and surface physiochemical properties of minerals,simultaneously reviewing the progress of mechanochemical activation in surface organic modification,enhanced leaching and environmental remediation of minerals.It is reported the reactivity of minerals can be boosted with the reduction on particle size,increase in specific surface area,continuously-generated fresh surfaces and increased surface free energy under the effect of mechanochemistry,thus optimizing the properties of mineral materials,as well as supporting the selective separation of complex mineral resources.Finally,the limitation of mechanochemical activation on minerals modification is summarized,with the possible future research direction proposed correspondingly,aiming to provide references for improving comprehensive utilization level of mineral resources in this field.
作者
刘春琦
马天
李钊
代淑娟
郭小飞
王倩倩
赵通林
LIU Chunqi;MA Tian;LI Zhao;DAI Shujuan;GUO Xiaofei;WANG Qianqian;ZHAO Tonglin(School of Mining Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114051,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第10期75-81,共7页
Metal Mine
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(编号:2020-BS-224)
辽宁省教育厅基金项目(编号:2020LNQN13)
辽宁科技大学优秀人才基金项目(编号:2019RC03)
兴辽英才科技创新领军人才项目(编号:XLYC2002028)。
关键词
天然矿物
机械力化学
活化改性
浸出
环境修复
综合利用
natural minerals
mechanochemistry
activation and modification
leaching
environmental remediation
multipurpose utilization
