摘要
为降低混合动力环卫车副车架质量和整车油耗,达到车辆节能减排的目的,采用CATIA建立混合动力环卫车副车架的三维模型,并导入HyperWorks中。利用HyperWorks建立副车架的应力分析有限元模型,并计算颠簸、转弯、加速3种工况下副车架的应力分布和变形量。基于静态的有限元仿真结果,以颠簸工况作为设计工况对副车架进行拓扑优化。根据得到的优化结果,提出在副车架上适当加工减重孔的轻量化设计方案,并对改进设计后的副车架进行仿真,验证方案的合理性。研究结果显示:在满足副车架强度和变形量要求的前提下,通过对副车架的轻量化设计,使副车架总质量降低12.96%,实现了轻量化的目标。
With the rapid development of China’s economy and the accelerating process of urbanization,people have higher and higher requirements for the urban environment,and the demand for energy conservation and emission reduction of urban sanitation machinery is also higher and higher.Vehicle lightweight is an important method for energy conservation and emission reduction.According to the data of the German Institute of forming technology and lightweight components,according to the calculation of a vehicle’s annual mileage of 15000 km,for every 100 kg reduction in its overall weight,the carbon dioxide content in the pollutants emitted will be reduced by about 105 kg and the fuel consumption will be reduced by about 45 L/year;In addition,the lightweight technology can make the vehicle have better performance at the same quality level.If the overall dead weight of the vehicle is reduced by 10%,the fuel efficiency of the vehicle will be improved by 6%~8%.At the same time,the braking distance,acceleration time,vibration and noise of the vehicle will be effectively reduced;If the rolling resistance of the vehicle is reduced by 10%,its fuel efficiency can be improved by 3%.In order to reduce the quality of the sub-frame and the fuel consumption of the hybrid sanitation trucks,and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction,a three-dimensional model of the sub-frame of hybrid sanitation trucks was established by CATIA and imported into HyperWorks.The finite element model of the sub-frame is established by HyperWorks and used for static analysis,and the stress value,stress distribution and deformation of sub-frame under three typical working conditions of bumping,turning and acceleration are calculated.According to the static analysis results of the sub-frame,the stress distribution under the three typical working conditions of bumping,turning and acceleration is basically the same,the maximum stress value is far lower than the yield limit value of 345 MPa,and the strength of the whole sub-frame far meets the service requirements;In addition,the deformation of the sub-frame is basically the same under various working conditions.The maximum deformation under bumpy working conditions is 0.3189 mm.The deformation is in a reasonable range,and the stiffness of the sub-frame meets the requirements.To sum up,the sub-frame has a lot of weight reduction space.The stress value and distribution under the three working conditions are almost the same,and the strain has the maximum value under the bumpy working condition,so the bumpy working condition is adopted as the condition of topology optimization when the strain is mainly considered.Based on the static finite element simulation results,the bumpy condition is taken as the design condition,and the topology optimization method is used to optimize the sub-frame.Checkerboard phenomenon is inevitable in the process of topology optimization.This checkerboard grid structure can make the structure reflect the most rigid characteristics locally.Theoretically,it should be a better arrangement format,but checkerboard makes it difficult to extract and manufacture the shape of the structure.Therefore,the results obtained from topology optimization can only be used as a reference for the design and optimization of sub-frame,and generally cannot be manufactured directly according to the results of topology optimization.Taking the results of topology optimization as a reference,the lightweight design scheme of sub-frame is determined by machining appropriate weight reduction holes,and the improved sub-frame is simulated and verified.The results show that under the premise of meeting the strength and deformation requirements of the sub-frame,the total mass of the sub-frame is reduced by 12.96%through the lightweight design of the sub-frame,and the goal of lightweight is achieved.
作者
秦东晨
林育恒
王婷婷
陈江义
QIN Dongchen;LIN Yuheng;WANG Tingting;CHEN Jiangyi(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
出处
《重庆理工大学学报（自然科学）》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第10期9-15,共7页
Journal of Chongqing University of Technology：Natural Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0106204)。
