摘要
目的了解街头献血者及公众无偿献血意愿的影响因素,为采供血机构制定针对性的献血者招募策略提供依据。方法保护动机理论(PMT)从威胁评估和对应评估2方面分析人行为改变的影响因素,据此理论编制《无偿献血意愿评价问卷》,包括健康风险、恐惧、安全风险、政策风险、反应接受度、献血知识、献血奖励、自我效能和献血意愿等项目,采用便利抽样;于2019年4月~8月选择北京市市区1街头采血点的献血者及其陪同者和愿意参与调查的路人为调查对象,调查其未来献血意愿及影响因素。结果共登记800份调查问卷,有效问卷率91.5%(732/800),献血意愿平均得分为(4.238±0.744)分;单因素分析:男性人群的献血意愿明显高于女性(P<0.05);多因素分析:自我效能(P<0.01)、献血知识(P<0.01)能提高献血意愿,安全风险(P<0.05)和恐惧(P<0.01)会降低献血意愿,与无献血经历者相比,初次献血者的恐惧能降低未来献血意愿(P<0.05)。结论在献血者招募过程中,提高公众的献血自我效能,普及安全献血知识,降低献血恐惧感,有益于提高献血意愿、促进无偿献血事业发展。
Objective To investigate the factors influencing individual′s intention to donate blood,so as to provide targeted recruiting strategies for blood collection agencies.Methods Since behaviors can be changed by threat appraisal and coping appraisal in terms of protection motivation theory(PMT),a questionnaire including risk of health,fear,safety risk,policy risk,reaction acceptance,knowledge concerning donation,donation reward,self-efficiency,and donation intention was composed.Blood donors,their companions and pass-by respondents at one street donation site in the urban area of Beijing were selected through convenience sampling from April to August 2019.Results 732 out of 800 questionnaires were valid,and the score of blood donation intention was 4.238±0.744.Univariate analysis demonstrated that the blood donation intention of men was significantly higher than that of women(P<0.05).Multivariate regression suggested that the most effective factor was self-efficacy(P<0.05)and knowledge concerning donation(P<0.05).The intention to donate blood was discouraged by safety risk(P<0.05)and fear(P<0.05).Compared with those without blood donation experiences,the fear of first-time blood donors could reduce the intention to donate blood in the future(P<0.05).Conclusion Measures to improve individual′s self-efficacy,popularize knowledge concerning blood donation,and reduce,the fear of blood donation are beneficial to improve the intention of blood donation and promote the development of voluntary blood donation.
作者
毕岐勇
陈霄
邱艳
BI Qiyong;CHEN Xiao;QIU Yan(Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《中国输血杂志》
CAS
2021年第9期1010-1013,共4页
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion
基金
2013年北京市“215”高层次卫生技术人才培养专项(2013-3-101)。
关键词
献血意愿
保护动机理论
自我效能
安全献血
献血恐惧
intention to donate blood
protection motivation theory
self efficacy
safety of blood donation
fear of blood donation
