摘要
锂离子电池广泛应用的同时也出现了燃烧、爆炸等安全问题。针对锂电池热失控及火灾问题,综述了电池内部热失控演变过程、热失控气体释放及其燃爆风险,以及热失控和火灾发生时有毒有害气体的危害性等方面近年来的研究进展。最后提出今后主要研究方向是电池模块/电池包内热失控气体释放和流动过程研究、气体爆炸危险性动态变化规律研究和大容量高比能富镍电池单体/模块热失控特性和规律研究等。
The present paper intends to make a summary review of the chemical reactions inside the batteries and the influence of their starting temperature during the thermal runaway.In view of the above phenomena,it would be necessary to discuss the discharge amount,the gas composition and the other influential factors of the thermal runaway gases in terms of the thermal runaway features of the gas loss in the said lithium-ion batteries.What is more,since such accidents of the lithium-ion battery cells have to experience a chain of chemical reactions inside,it would be of great importance to trace and work out how they can release the gas with the battery and why it may lead to the gas combustion or explosion.And,since the lithium-ion battery is usually stored and transported in the form of the battery module/battery pack,the battery fire may come about and spread to the said entire battery pack,so as to lead to the battery thermal runaway and then run out of control,and even lead to the explosion risks of the thermal runaway gas.And,in such a situation,3 situations would be involved,that is,the explosion limit,the laminar combustion speed and the maximum overpressure.And,in front of such risks,it would be of the primary need to discuss problems,like high temperature,flame and toxic gas,in addition to the thermal runaway propagation of the latter.Last of all,a discussion has to be made over the future research directions,such as problems over the release and leaking process of the thermal runaway gas in the battery module;the focus on the different types of their thermal gas runaway manners(say,the explosion limit,the laminar flame speed,and the maximum overpressure,etc.)Apart from those above,more focus has to be dealt with the dynamic change regularity of the gas explosion risks based on the thermal runaway gas release and diffusion.Besides,more efforts should also be put on the diffusion regularities and hazard assessments of the toxic and harmful gases along with the thermal runaway specific features and regularities of the great capacity and high specific energy nickel-rich cells/modules.
作者
杜志明
陈佳炜
DU Zhi-ming;CHEN Jia-wei(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期1523-1532,共10页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0104000)。
关键词
安全工程
热失控
锂离子电池
气体
火灾
safety engineering
thermal runaway
lithium-ion battery
gas
fire
