摘要
研究土壤养分变化特征,对土壤养分管理、科学施肥、可持续农业发展有重要意义。本研究以奇台县为例,基于三个时期(1980、2010、2020年)的土壤养分调查数据,应用经典统计、地统计等方法,对比分析了有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾在不同时期的空间变异及等级变化特征。结果表明:(1)空间上,研究区4种养分的空间变异情况为:有机质和有效磷在三个时期均属于强空间变异,碱解氮在1980年和2020年属于强空间变异,速效钾各时期均呈中等程度空间变异。采用普通克里格法进行土壤养分空间插值,可知:有机质含量主要集中10-30 g/kg,整体上呈南高北低,由南向北变化的趋势;碱解氮含量主要集中在60-90 mg/kg,整体上呈南北高,中间低;有效磷含量主要集中在5-20 mg/kg,整体由北向南移动;速效钾在各个时期的含量均集中在大于200 mg/kg,但是随时间的推移,在150-200 mg/kg也有所分布,总体呈由南向北移动趋势。时间上,1980-2020年有机质和碱解氮含量呈先增加后减少趋势,有效磷和速效钾含量呈持续增长趋势。(2)通过以上对土壤养分含量变化的分析,得到有机质含量总体呈先增加后减少的趋势,土壤质量下降且难以持续发展,说明秸秆还田以及农家肥和有机肥的施用有待提高。有效磷和速效钾含量持续增加,表明施肥对有效磷和速效钾含量的增加有促进作用。
It is of great significance to study the change characteristics of soil nutrient management,scientific fertilization and sustainable agricultural development.This study took Qitai County as an example,based on the soil nutrient survey data of three periods(1980,2010,2020),using classical statistics,geostatistics and other methods,compared and analyzed the spatial variation and grade change characteristics of organic matter,alkalihydrolyzated nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium in different periods.The results showed that:(1)The spatial variation of the four nutrients in the study area was as follows:organic matter and available phosphorus all belonged to strong spatial variation in the three periods,alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen belonged to strong spatial variation in 1980 and 2020,and available potassium showed moderate spatial variation in each period.The spatial interpolation of soil nutrients using the general Kriging method showed that the organic matter content mainly concentrated in 10-30 g/kg,and tended to be higher in the south and lower in the north,with a trend from south to north.The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was mainly concentrated in the range of 60-90 mg/kg,and was higher in the north and south and lower in the middle.The available P content mainly concentrated in 5-20 mg/kg,and moved from north to south as a whole.The content of available potassium in each period was more than 200 mg/kg,but it also distributed in 150-200 mg/kg with the passing of time,and generally showed a trend of moving from south to north.In terms of time,the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased first and then decreased,while the contents of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium increased continuously from 1980 to 2020.(2)Through the above analysis of the changes of soil nutrient content,it can be concluded that the organic matter content generally increased first and then decreased,and the soil quality declined and was difficult to develop continuously,indicating that the straw returning to the field and the application of farm manure and organic fertilizer need to be improved.The contents of available P and available K continued to increase,indicating that fertilization promoted the increase of available P and available K.
作者
马晓丽
蒋平安
武红旗
贺梦婕
杨强军
高洁
MA Xiao-li;JIANG Ping-an;WU Hong-qi;HE Meng-jie;YANG Qiang-jun;GAO Jie(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Qitai Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Qitai 831800,China)
出处
《新疆农业大学学报》
CAS
2021年第1期51-61,共11页
Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University
基金
国家科技基础性工作专项项目(2020A01002)
土壤学自治区重点学科建设项目。
关键词
奇台县
土壤养分
空间变异
影响因素
Qitai County
soil nutrients
spatial variation
influencing factor
