摘要
为探究不同人工干预方式下苹果园蚜虫-天敌群落发生规律,提高苹果园蚜虫生态防治能力和苹果园经济效益,本研究选取伊犁河谷中部有机化生产干预(OI)、化学干预(CI)和无人工干预(NI)3种不同人工干预方式下的苹果园,研究在不同人工干预方式下蚜虫和天敌昆虫的群落结构、发生动态及益害比等情况。结果表明,河谷中部地区苹果园蚜虫种类主要有甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜和苹果黄蚜,调查中共发现天敌2纲8目19科25种。人工干预对苹果园中蚜虫-天敌群落特征和发生动态有较大影响,使得苹果园蚜虫-天敌种群数量及群落多样性降低,而蚜虫-天敌群落结构稳定性和益害比提高。河谷中部苹果园蚜虫及其天敌的发生随季节的变化呈现一定的规律性,天敌的消长变化在时间上迟滞于蚜虫种群数量的变动,表现出跟随效应,其中OI苹果园天敌跟随效应最明显。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,人工干预(CI和OI)对蚜虫种群有抑制作用;牧草盲蝽、大突肩瓢虫、玉米螟厉寄蝇和叶色草蛉等天敌与蚜虫种群的相关性较高,其对蚜虫种群的消长影响最大。综上,有机化生产干预方式可以有效控制蚜虫种群数量,对蚜虫生态调控性最好,在苹果园生产实践中可以推广应用。
In order to explore the community structure and occurrence dynamics of aphids and natural enemies in apple orchard under different artificial interventions,and improve the ecological management ability to the aphid communities and the economic benefit of apple orchard,the study was operated in three apple orchards with organic production intervention(OI),chemical intervention(CI)and no artificial intervention(NI)separately in the middle of Yili Valley.The community structure,occurrence dynamics and benefit-to-harm ratio of aphids and natural enemies under different artificial interventions were studied.The results showed that the main aphids in the middle of Yili Valley were Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach),Brevicoryne brassicae(Linnaeus)and Aphis citricola van der Goot,25 species of natural enemies had been found in 19 families,eight orders,two classes.The artificial intervention had a relatively significant influence on the community structure and occurrence dynamics of aphids and natural enemies in apple orchards.The population number and community diversity of aphids-natural enemies decreased under artificial intervention,while the stability of community structure and the benefit-to-harm ratio increased.The occurrence of aphids and its natural enemies in apple orchards showed a certain regularity following the change of seasons,and the growth and decline of natural enemies lagged behind the change of aphid population in time,showing the following effect.The following effect in apple orchard with OI was the most obvious.The results of redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that artificial intervention(CI and OI)had inhibitory effects on aphid population.The natural enemies,such as Lygus pratenszs,Synonycha grandis,Lydella grisescens and Chrysopa phyllochroma,had high correlation with the aphid population,and they had the greatest impact on the growth and decline of the aphid communities.In conclusion,OI artificial intervention model can effectively control the number of aphid population and has the best ecological regulation on aphids,so it can be popularized in apple orchard production.
作者
李东育
韩大勇
徐养诚
刘贝
陈晓露
LI Dong-yu;HAN Da-yong;XU Yang-cheng;LIU Bei;CHEN Xiao-lu(College of Biological and Geographical Sciences,Yily Normal University,Yining 835000,China;SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services(Qingdao)Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266101;Yili Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Yining 835000,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期848-853,共6页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
伊犁师范大学2019年度科研项目(2019YSDX029)。
关键词
人工干预
蚜虫
天敌
群落组成
发生规律
苹果园
artificial intervention
aphids
natural enemies
community composition
occurrence regularity
apple orchard
