摘要
热障涂层(Thermal Barrier Coatings, TBCs)是用于航空发动机及燃气轮机的一种高效功能性隔热涂层,常用材料为氧化钇(质量分数6%~8%)部分稳定氧化锆(YSZ)。首先,从TGO生长、高温烧结、CMAS腐蚀、盐雾腐蚀和热膨胀失配等方面介绍了YSZ的失效机理,以上因素会从不同程度上造成涂层分层、开裂乃至失效。其次,介绍了通过控制界面反应速度和元素扩散速度,改变涂层化学成分及结构等方法,改善YSZ性能。为适应下一代超高温热障涂层的发展要求,近年来,国内外针对制备工艺的改善和新材料性能进行了研究。通过调控等离子物理气相沉积的喷距,能得到不同微观结构的热障涂层,运用纳米粉体再造粒技术,能制备出抗热震性能、耐磨抗腐蚀性、韧性以及可加工性更为优异的纳米结构涂层。ABO_(3)型钙钛矿结构钡盐、钽酸盐、石榴石结构稀土铝酸盐、磁铅石结构稀土铝酸盐、独居石结构稀土磷酸盐等新型陶瓷层材料的研究是一大热点。与传统YSZ相比,新陶瓷层材料有优异的高温相稳定性、高热膨胀系数、高热导率等性能,但存在断裂韧性低、组分复杂等缺点。最后,为热障涂层未来研究指出了方向,并展望了其面临的挑战。
Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)is a high-efficiency functional thermal insulation coating used for aero-engine and combustion gas turbine.The yttrium partially(mass fraction 6%~8%)stabilized zirconia(YSZ)is commonly used for TBCs.The failure mechanism of YSZ is firstly introduced from the aspects of TGO growth,high temperature sintering,CMAS corrosion,salt spray corrosion and thermal expansion mismatch.The above factors will cause coating delamination,cracking and even failure to varying degrees.Then the improvement of the performance and property of YSZ is discussed by controlling the interface reaction rate and element diffusion rate,changing the chemical composition and structure of the coatings.In order to meet the development requirements of the next generation of ultra-high temperature thermal barrier coatings,the improvement of preparation technology and the properties of new materials have been studied at home and abroad in recent years.Thermal barrier coatings with different microstructures can be obtained by adjusting the spray distance of plasma physical vapor deposition,and nano-structured coatings with better thermal shock resistance,wear resistance and corrosion resistance,toughness and machinability can be prepared by using nano-powder re-granulation technology.The study of ABO_(3) perovskite structure barium salt,tantalite,garnet structure rare earth aluminate,magnetic lead structure rare earth aluminate,monazite structure rare earth phosphate and other new ceramic layer materials is a popular topic.Compared with the traditional YSZ,the new ceramic layer material has excellent high-temperature phase stability,thermal expansion coefficient,thermal conductivity and other properties,but it has disadvantages such as low fracture toughness and complex composition.Finally,provides direction for future research and looks forward to the challenges.
作者
王志平
费宇杰
刘延宽
WANG Zhi-ping;FEI Yu-jie;LIU Yan-kuan(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期126-137,共12页
Surface Technology
基金
天津市教委科研计划项目(2020KJ016)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目中国民航大学专项(3122020065)。
关键词
热障涂层
陶瓷材料
航空发动机
超高温
thermal barrier coatings
ceramic material
aero-engine
ultra-high temperature
