摘要
生态足迹综合法已经被广泛运用到了旅游活动对生态环境造成影响的研究中,是研究生态安全和可持续发展问题的重要方法,对于研究森林公园旅游健康持续发展具有重要意义。文章以黑龙江省森林公园为例,基于2008-2019年黑龙江省森林公园及旅游产业相关统计年鉴数据,采用生态足迹(模型)综合法对黑龙江省森林公园旅游生态足迹、旅游生态承载力、旅游生态赤字/盈余等进行定量分析,探讨黑龙江省森林公园旅游可持续发展和生态安全状况,提出黑龙江省森林公园旅游可持续发展的政策启示,突破个体森林公园研究的片面性。研究结果显示:2008-2019年黑龙江省森林公园人均旅游生态足迹均值为0.0441hm^(2)/人次,相较与2008年减少幅度达到70.44%,人均旅游生态承载力均值为0.3069hm^(2)/人次,人均旅游生态盈余均值为0.2628hm^(2)/人次,三项指标总体上呈下降趋势,从2012年开始下降速度明显减缓并逐渐趋于稳定;旅游生态足迹波动较大,但始终在50万hm^(2)以下波动;旅游生态承载力总量整体上逐年上升,12年间增加值为56.7905万hm^(2),2015年以后出现大幅提升,2018年达到310.8942万hm^(2);旅游生态足迹指数与旅游生态压力指数的平均值分别为0.8546和0.1454。研究结果表明:黑龙江省森林公园旅游呈现良好的发展态势,森林公园处于可持续发展和生态安全的理想状态,但有效开发仍然不足。因此,基于上述结果,提出要加大政府支持发展森林公园旅游业力度、优化森林公园管理与保护制度、强化发展森林公园旅游新业态制度、着力提升森林公园资源利用率能力等政策启示。
The ecological footprint method has been widely used in the study of tourism activities impact on the ecological environment, it is an important method to study the ecological security and sustainable development of tourism. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the healthy and sustainable development of forest park tourism. Based on forest parks of Heilongjiang Province as examples, this paper adopted the ecological footprint(model)comprehensive method to conduct quantitative analysis on the tourism ecological footprint, tourism ecological capacity, and tourism ecological deficit/surplus of Heilongjiang forest parks based on the data of Heilongjiang forest parks and tourism industry related statistical yearbooks from 2008 to 2019. This paper discussed the sustainable development and ecological security of forest park tourism in Heilongjiang Province, and put forward the policy implications of sustainable development of forest park tourism in Heilongjiang Province, and broke through the one-sidedness of individual forest park research. The results showed that: the average per capita tourism ecological footprint of Heilongjiang forest parks from 2008 to 2019 is 0.0441 hm^(2)/person-time, decreasing by 70.44%, the average per capita tourism ecological capacity is 0.3069 hm^(2)/person-time, and the average per capita tourism ecological surplus is 0.2628 hm^(2)/person-time, generally the three showed a decreasing trend on the whole, and the decline rate has slowed down obviously and gradually stabilized since 2012. The ecological footprint of tourism fluctuates greatly, but always changes below 500,000 hm^(2). The ecological capacity of tourism increased year by year as a whole, with an increase of 567,905 hm^(2) in 12 years, and significantly increased after 2015, reaching 3,108,942 hm^(2) in 2018. The average value of tourism ecological footprint index and tourism ecological tension index is 0.8546 and 0.1454 respectively. The results showed that the forest park tourism development in Heilongjiang Province presents a good development trend, and the forest park is in the ideal state of sustainable development and ecological security, but the effective development degree is still not enough. Therefore, based on the above results, four policy implications were put forward, such as increasing the government support for the development of forest parks tourism efforts, optimizing the management and protection system of forest park, strengthening the development of the new business mode system of forest park tourism, and improving the utilization ability of forest park resources.
作者
尚会娟
那守海
SHANG Huijuan;NA Shouhai(College of Economics and Management,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)
出处
《林业经济》
北大核心
2021年第4期45-56,共12页
Forestry Economics
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“黑龙江省中医药健康旅游产业发展对策研究”(编号:18GLB019)。
关键词
生态足迹(模型)综合法
森林公园
旅游生态足迹
旅游生态盈余
comprehensive method of ecological footprint(model)
forest park
tourism ecological footprint
tourism ecological surplus
