摘要
稳定性是生态系统保持或恢复自身结构和功能的能力,是维持生态系统服务功能的关键。近年来全球植被稳定性面临重大威胁,生态系统稳定性的研究逐步成为生态学的热点问题。本文综述了稳定性的定义、空间格局及其影响机制,指出了当前研究存在的问题,并对未来发展提出展望。目前研究发现,生态系统稳定性是一个多维结构,主要包括抵抗力、恢复力和时间稳定性三个方面。稳定性及其影响机制具有很强的空间异质性与尺度依赖性,主要表现为在站点尺度由生物多样性等生物因素控制,而在区域及全球尺度则由温度、降水、辐射等非生物因素控制。目前植被稳定性的研究中尚存在数据源噪声难以去除,量化方法未标准化等问题。未来稳定性的研究可逐步由站点等局部尺度向区域、大陆等全局尺度扩展,并形成标准化的稳定性评估方法。
The earth has been experiencing ever-increasing climatic fluctuation and extreme events for decades,and ecosystem structure and function have generally slipped into recession,resulting in significant impacts on economy and ecology.Ecosystem stability refers the ability of ecosystem to maintain or restore to normal structure and function,which is the key to maintain the ecosystem service function.However,due to the complexity of the ecosystem,the results of the research on the stability are still controversial.Here,the dimensionality,spatial patterns and influencing mechanisms of ecosystem stability were summarized from 58 relevant literatures.The multi-dimensional framework of ecosystem stability,definition and interrelationship of various stability indicators were discussed respectively as well as the effects of latitude,altitude,and position on stability.The dominant factors of the variation of stability at different scales and the effects of abiotic factors such as climate,nutrition and biological factors such as biodiversity on stability were also discussed.The results indicated that correlations between different components of ecosystem stability leaded to their generalization into three dimensionalities,including resistance,resilience and temporal stability.In addition,ecosystem stability was regulated by abiotic factors such as climate and nutrition as well as biological factors such as species richness and population variability.Stability and its influencing mechanisms showed strong spatial heterogeneity and scale dependence,which were mainly controlled by biological factors such as biodiversity at the site scale,and abiotic factors such as temperature,precipitation and radiation at the regional and global scales.Data source noise and unstandardized quantification methods were the main problems in stability study.In the future,with the applications of satellite remote sensing and other acquisition methods,the research field will be gradually expanding from local scale such as site to global scale such as region and continent,and a standardized stability assessment method can be formed.The large spatial scale research can effectively elucidate the general relationship between ecosystem stability and its response to various driving forces,providing a theoretical basis for the formulation of sustainable ecological protection policies.
作者
陈集景
周蕾
迟永刚
CHEN Ji-jing;ZHOU Lei;CHI Yong-gang(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期552-560,共9页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0504000)
国家自然科学基金项目(41871084,31400393)。
