摘要
位于青藏高原腹地的青海三江源是全球气候变化的启动区和脆弱区,是我国国家生态安全屏障。为有效遏制该地区高寒草地生态退化,在2005—2017年先后实施了生态保护和建设一期工程、二期工程。本研究应用基于卫星遥感模型估算的植被净初级生产力及家畜存栏统计数据,对三江源生态保护和建设工程实施以来草地理论载畜量及载畜压力时空变化及其原因进行了分析。结果表明:2005—2017年间三江源区理论载畜量呈现不显著降低趋势,较之前一期工程期间,二期工程实施期间理论载畜量降低了6.75%;一期工程实施期间现实载畜总量2041.39万羊单位,载畜压力指数1.38;而二期工程实施期间,可能由于气候暖干化使得理论载畜量降低,以及实施减畜政策与补偿的不对等关系,导致现实载畜总量增至2216.40万羊单位,载畜压力指数增至1.60。研究结果表明生态保护和建设工程仍然面临着艰巨而又复杂的挑战。
Three-River Headwaters,located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau,is sensitive to global climate changes.It was considered as ecological security defense for China.To restore the degraded alpine grassland in the region,the first and second stage of Ecological Protection and Construction project were completed in 2005-2017.The net primary productivity,estimated by satellite remote sensing-based model,and the statistic data on the livestock were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal change of the theoretical livestock carrying capacity and the grazing pressure in 2005-2017 and its changing reasons were discussed in this study.The results showed that the theoretical livestock carrying capacity had an insignificant decreasing trend and the capacity in the second stage decreased by 6.75%comparing to that in the first stage.In the first stage,the actual livestock was 20.414 million SU with a grazing pressure index of 1.38.However,in the second stage,the actual livestock increased to 22.164 million SU and the pressure index increased to 1.60,which were caused by the climate warming and drying.Due to the imbalance between the restrict livestock reduction policy and inadequate compensation,the herders raised more animals to maintain revenue.This study implicated that the project still faces very tough and complex challenges.
作者
钱前
张秀娟
王军邦
叶辉
李英年
张志军
QIAN Qian;ZHANG Xiu-juan;WANG Jun-bang;YE Hui;LI Ying-nian;ZHANG Zhi-jun(College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434023, China;National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Tourism and Geography, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province 332005, China;Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;Qinghai Eco-environment Monitoring Center, Xining, Qinghai Province 810007, China)
出处
《草地学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1311-1317,共7页
Acta Agrestia Sinica
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23100202)
中国科学院青海省人民政府联合专项(YHZX-2020-07)
第二次青藏高原综合考察研究(2019QZKK0302)资助。
关键词
三江源
高寒草地
载畜压力
Three-River headwaters
Alpine grassland
Grazing pressure index
