摘要
【目的】探索滴灌施肥在香蕉集约化种植模式下的应用效果,为香蕉科学合理施肥提供技术支持。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设置不施肥(CK)、A处理(N 309.7 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O质量比为1.00∶0.37∶2.61)、B处理(N 619.3 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O质量比为1.00∶0.37∶1.76)、C处理(N 619.3 kg/hm2,复合微量元素18.0 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O质量比为1.00∶0.37∶1.76)共4个处理,每个处理重复3次,研究滴灌施用不同配比组合肥料对香蕉产量、肥料利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】滴灌水肥一体化条件下,施肥可显著提高香蕉的假茎围、青叶数、叶长(p<0.05),A处理香蕉产量达53781 kg/hm2,比传统的常规管理(B处理)提高9.7%;肥料农学效率和肥料偏生产力较处理B分别提高125.6%、72.6%。A处理纯收益为116614元/hm2,较B处理增加22.2%,产出投入比由1.95∶1上升到2.18∶1。【结论】综合考虑香蕉产量、化肥减施和养分高效利用及经济效益,滴灌优化施肥(N 309.7 kg/hm2,P2O5114.6 kg/hm2,K2O 808.3 kg/hm2)在香蕉上的应用效果最好。
【Objective】Low nutrient use efficiency is a common problem facing agricultural production in China,and improving fertigation is an effective way to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce nutrient loss,especially in acidic soils.How irrigation and fertigation combine to affect water and nutrient uptake by plants,however,is an issue poorly understood.Taking banana as an example,this paper is to investigate the effect of different chemical fertilizations on banana yield and its nutrient use efficiency.【Method】The field experiment included three chemical fertilizations:Top-dressing 309.7 kg/hm2 of N with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.37∶2.61(A),top-dressing 619.3 kg/hm2 of N with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.37∶1.76(B),top-dressing 619.3 kg/hm2 of N and 18.0 kg/hm2 of compounded fertilizers with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.37∶1.76(C).The control was no fertilization(CK).Plants in all treatments were drip-irrigated,and the fertilizers were fertigated simultaneously with the drip irrigation.【Result】Chemical fertilizations increased the pseudo-stem girth,leaf numbers and leaf length(P<0.05).Compared with treatment B,treatment A increased banana yield by 9.7%to 53781 kg/hm2,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity by 125.6%and 72.6%respectively.The net income of treatment A was 116614 yuan/hm2,22.2%higher than that in treatment B,increasing the output-input ratio from 1.95∶1 to 2.18∶1.【Conclusion】Balancing economic benefit,reduction in fertilizer use and banana fruit quality,the optimal fertilization was top-dressing 309.7 kg/hm2 of N,114.6 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 808.3 kg/hm2 of K2O simultaneously with the drip irrigation.This is an efficient fertigation for banana grown in acidic soils in the studied area.
作者
臧小平
井涛
陈宇丰
王尉
王甲水
马蔚红
谢江辉
ZANG Xiaoping;JING Tao;CHEN Yufeng;WANG Wei;WANG Jiashui;MA Weihong;XIE Jianghui(HaiKou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Banana Gentic Improvement,Haikou 571101 China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期66-71,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000104)
现代香蕉产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-31-5)
海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC685)
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630092021008)。
关键词
滴灌
香蕉
水溶肥
产量
养分利用效率
drip fertigation
banana
yield
nutrient utilization efficiency
