摘要
纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域。传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足。过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现化工过程安全、高效、绿色的重要途径。过程强化技术不仅在制备时间和能源利用效率等方面明显优于常规方法,还可以得到特殊形态和性能的纳米材料。过去二十年中,过程强化技术广泛应用于纳米材料的小试和规模化制备,并取得了良好的经济及社会效益,引起越来越多科学研究者的重视。本工作以超重力、微化工、微波、超声、等离子体技术、离子液体为代表,综述了过程强化技术在纳米材料制备领域中的应用及相关研究的最新进展,结合实例对不同领域进行了概述,分析总结了各领域的优势和特点,讨论了在快速发展的纳米材料制备领域中存在的机遇和挑战,并展望了其未来的应用前景。要点:(1)介绍了过程强化技术在纳米材料制备领域举足轻重的地位。(2)阐述了目前超重力、微化工、微波、超声、等离子体和离子液体技术在纳米材料制备领域的应用。(3)指出了当前过程强化技术在纳米材料制备过程中存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向。
Nanomaterials, regarded as the new materials of the 21 st century, have been applied in the fields of chemical, electronics, defense, ceramics, etc. Traditional nanomaterial preparation methods have difficulties in particle size control, poor repeatability, and scale-up effect of industrial application. Process intensification(PI) technology is one of the highly promising directions in the chemical engineering field. PI technology is aiming for the goal of reducing operation unit, decreasing equipment volume, increasing production capacity, and improving energy utilization efficiency by adopting new equipments and new processes for the chemical industry, because the new process may lead the chemical industry to be more safe, friendly and efficient. Therefore, PI technology was superior to conventional methods. Through adjusting preparation time and energy efficiency, nanomaterials with particular morphology and properties could be obtained in some instances. In the past two decades, process intensification has been widely used for nanomaterial preparation, obtaining economic and social benefits, which has attracted more and more attention from scientific researchers. In this work, combining some typical examples, the recent developments in using PI technology for the preparation of nanomaterials as well as their related applications were reviewed, the characterizations and advantages of macrostructure chemical process were summarized, applications of process intensification technologies, such as hypergravity, micro chemical engineering, plasma, ultrasound, microwave, and ionic liquid, for the preparation of nanomaterials were reviewed and prospects were also discussed. Key learning points:(1) The important role of process intensification technology for the preparation of nanomaterials was introduced.(2) The applications of process intensification technologies, such as hypergravity, micro chemical engineering, plasma, ultrasound, microwave, and ionic liquid, for the preparation of nanomaterials were reviewed in various fields.(3) The existing problems in the field of the preparation of nanomaterials by process intensification technology and the future development direction were pointed out.
作者
宋春雨
聂普选
马守涛
任国瑜
Chunyu SONG;Puxuan NIE;Shoutao MA;Guoyu REN(Department of Chemical Engineering,Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College,Chongqing 401228,China;PetroChina Qingyang Petrochemical Company,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Research Center,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163714,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)
出处
《过程工程学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期373-382,共10页
The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:21968036)
陕西省科技厅项目(编号:2018GY-069)
榆林市科技局项目(编号:2018-2-59)
榆林学院博士启动项目(编号:18GK19)
重庆化工职业学院校级课题(编号:HZY2019-KJ07)。
关键词
纳米材料
过程强化
超重力
微化工
超声
等离子体
微波
离子液体
nanomaterials
process intensification
hypergravity
micro chemical engineering
ultrasound
plasma
microwave
ionic liquids
