摘要
以具有干热河谷生态交错带典型环境特征的云南省元谋县大哨林场为例,以当量因子生态系统服务价值化法为基本评价方法,采用材积源生物量法确定各林种的森林生态系统服务当量因子,以GIS技术分析森林生态系统服务价值(ESV)在海拔、坡度和坡向方面的空间分异特征.结果表明:(1)栎类的单位面积森林ESV最高,为21017.23元/hm2.灌丛单位面积森林ESV最低,为18424.56元/hm2.云南松在供给服务和支持服务方面的价值最高,栎类在调节服务方面价值最高,灌丛在文化价值方面最高.(2)随着海拔的提升,云南松的森林ESV呈上升态势,栎类呈"倒v"型特征,而灌丛呈下降态势.1200-1350 m的高程范围森林ESV最低,为122523.32元.1550-1600 m的高程范围森林ESV最大,为5894008.23元.(3)斜坡中的森林ESV最高,为6786937.13元.平坡和陡坡中栎类的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例最高,在缓坡和斜坡中云南松的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例最高,4个坡度类别中灌丛的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例差异性相对较小.(4)半阳坡的森林ESV最高,为6966170.63元,半阴坡的森林ESV最低,为1228173.99元.阳坡和半阳坡中云南松的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例最高.半阴坡中栎类和云南松的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例较为接近,阴坡中3个林种的森林ESV占森林总ESV价值比例差距不大.综上所述,各高程范围的森林ESV有着明显的空间分异特征,不同坡度类别和坡向中各林种的森林ESV有一定空间差异性,森林ESV的空间分异性是森林植被对干热河谷生态交错带生态环境异质性的响应;高程引起的水、热、蒸发比的变化对森林ESV空间分异性影响最为关键,不同林种对坡度和坡向的适应差异性使得坡度和坡向对森林ESV产生一定的影响.(图4表2参57)
Taking Dashao Forest Farm in Yuanmou County,Yunnan Province,which has environmental characteristics typical of the dry-hot valley ecotone,as an example,the volume source biomass method was used to determine the ecosystem service value(ESV)equivalent factors of each forest species,and then the spatial differentiation characteristics of the forest ESVs in altitude,slope,and aspect classes were analyzed using GIS technology.The results indicated that(1)Quercus had the highest ESV per unit area at 21017.23 yuan,whereas the ESV of shrubs per unit area was the lowest at 18424.56 yuan.Pinus yunnanensis had the highest ESV for supply and support services,Quercus had the highest ESV for regulation services,and shrubs had the highest ESV for cultural services.(2)With the increase in altitude,the forest ESV of P.yunnanensis showed an upward trend,that of Quercus showed an"inverted V"curve,and that of shrubs showed a downward trend.The forest ESV was the lowest at 122523.32 yuan in the high elevation area of 1200–1350 m.The forest ESV was the highest at 5894008.23 yuan in the high elevation area of 1550–1600 m.(3)The forest ecosystem on the slope had the highest ESV of 6786937.13 yuan.The forest ESV of oak forests accounted for the greatest proportion of the total forest ESV on flat and steep slopes,and the forest ESV of Yunnan pine accounted for the greatest proportion of the total forest ESV on gentle slopes.There was a small difference in the ratio of the forest ESV of shrubs to the total forest ESV in the four slope categories.(4)The forest ESV on the semi-sunny slope was the highest at 6966170.63 yuan and that on the semi-shady slope was the lowest at 1228173.99 yuan.The forest ESV of Yunnan pine accounted for the greatest proportion of the total forest ESV on the sunny slope and semi-sunny slope.The forest ESVs of Quercus and Yunnan pine on semi-shady slopes accounted for similar proportions of the total forest ESV,whereas there was little difference among the forest ESVs of the three forest species.Elevation was the key factor causing spatial differences in the forest ESVs in the study area.Slope and aspect affected the spatial differences in the forest ESVs.The forest ESVs in different elevation ranges showed clear spatial differentiation.There were spatial differences in the forest ESVs of various forest types in different slope categories and slope directions.The spatial differentiation of the forest ESV was the response of forest vegetation to the difference in the ecological environment in the dry-hot valley ecotone.The changes in the water,heat,and evaporation ratio caused by elevation had the most significant influence on the spatial differentiation of the forest ESV.Slope and aspect affected the forest ESV because of the different adaptability of each forest species to slope and aspect.
作者
欧朝蓉
袁加远
雷晨雨
孙永玉
OU Zhaorong;YUAN Jiayuan;LEI Chenyu;SUN Yongyu(College of Geography and Ecotourism,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Research Institute of Resources Insects,Yuanmou Desert Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,China;Forestry College,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期357-365,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505102)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(CAFYBB2018ZB001-6)
西南林业大学博士科研启动基金(111812)资助。
