摘要
纳米级纤维具有优良的机械性能和高比表面积等特性。以静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维为研究对象,根据其表观形态分别介绍了一维特殊结构纳米纤维、二维特殊结构纳米纤维膜、三维结构纳米纤维气凝胶等,并阐述了各种结构的形成机理。总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备特殊结构纳米纤维的调控方法,如改变溶液性质(溶液浓度、黏度、表面张力、电导率等)、纺丝工艺参数(纺丝电压、流量、喷丝头、环境温湿度等)及后处理方式(高温煅烧、水热合成等)等。简要阐述了静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的应用领域,并对其未来发展进行了展望。
Nanofibers have excellent mechanical properties and high specific surface area.Using electrospun nanofibers with special structure as research objects,one dimensional nanofibers,two dimensional nanofiber membrane and three dimensional nanofiber aerogels with special structure were introduced according to their apparent morphology.The formation mechanism of various structures was described.The control methods of preparing nanofibers with special structure via electrospinning technology were summarized in recent years in China and outside China,such as changing solution properties(solution concentration,viscosity,surface tension,conductivity,etc.),spinning process parameters(spinning voltage,flow rate,spinneret,ambient temperature and humidity,etc.)and post-treatment methods(high-temperature calcination,hydrothermal synthesis,etc.).The application fields of electrospun nanofibers with special structure were briefly described,and the future development was prospected.
作者
赵丽
刘呈坤
洪洁
吴月霞
毛雪
ZHAO Li;LIU Chengkun;HONG Jie;WU Yuexia;Mao Xue(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048)
出处
《合成纤维工业》
CAS
2021年第2期62-68,共7页
China Synthetic Fiber Industry
基金
陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0356)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2019JQ-856)。
关键词
静电纺丝
特殊结构
纳米纤维
调控方法
应用
electrospinning
special structure
nanofibers
control method
application
