摘要
[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番茄(第20茬蔬菜)盛果期,选择定位试验中的6个等氮磷钾投入处理,包括全部使用化肥氮(4/4CN)处理和5个有机替代处理(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN、1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN),其中M和S代表猪粪和秸秆。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤微生物相关指标。[结果]有机替代处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量较4/4CN处理平均分别增加101.5%和134.6%,以2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量相对较高,较4/4CN平均分别增加158.8%和210.9%。与4/4CN相比,有机替代处理的土壤细菌和真菌丰度平均分别增加8.6%和11.6%,古菌平均降低21.7%;高碳有机替代模式(1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN)土壤细菌和真菌丰度较低碳有机替代模式(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)平均分别增加12.3%和12.0%,古菌丰度平均降低12.9%。与4/4 CN处理相比,低量、中量有机替代模式(3/4 C N+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)土壤细菌、真菌Shannon指数没有显著增加,而有机替代模式古菌Shannon指数平均增加了9.0%,高碳有机替代处理古菌Shannon指数平均增加了11.9%。与4/4CN处理相比,有机替代模式提高了土壤细菌中变形菌门相对丰度,降低了放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;提高了土壤真菌中子囊菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门相对丰度,降低了担子菌门相对丰度;提高了古菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门相对丰度。主成分分析表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成对施肥模式的响应弱于古菌。冗余分析表明,有机碳和硝态氮分别解释土壤细菌群落结构变异的22.3%和16.1%,解释真菌群落结构变异的10.4%和8.9%,解释古菌群落结构变异的36.0%和34.7%。[结论]同等养分投入量下,以有机肥、秸秆氮替代部分化肥氮可提高土壤细菌和真菌丰度,降低古菌丰度,改变土壤优势菌群的组成,增加微生物多样性。土壤硝态氮和有机碳含量是影响土壤细菌、真菌和古菌群落结构的共同因素,古菌对施肥模式的反应强于细菌和真菌。其中,以2/4化肥+1/4猪粪+1/4秸秆施肥模式可获得最多样的微生物群落结构。
[Objectives]Using metagenomic sequencing technology,we investigated the influence of fertilization patterns on community structure and composition of bacteria,fungi and archaea for sustainable soil health and greenhouse vegetable production.[Methods]We conducted a long-term fertilization experiment in a vegetable greenhouse in Tianjin City.The cropping system in this study was spring tomato and autumn-winter celery rotation.The six treatments in the study included:one complete chemical fertilizer(4/4CN)treatment and five organic substitution treatments(3/4CN+1/4MN,2/4CN+2/4MN,1/4CN+3/4MN,2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN,2/4CN+2/4SN),MN and SN represented the nitrogen from pig manure and maize straws.All treatments had same amounts of N,P2O5,and K2O.At the 20th vegetable season,surface soil samples(0–20 cm)were collected for the determination of microbial community composition.[Results]Compared with 4/4CN treatment,organic substitution treatments significantly increased soil microbial biomass C(MBC),N(MBN)and abundances of bacteria and fungi,but decreased the abundance of archaea.The abundances of bacteria and fungi in high Camended treatments(1/4CN+3/4MN,2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN,and 2/4CN+2/4SN)were higher than those in low C-amended treatments(3/4CN+1/4MN and 2/4CN+2/4MN),whereas the abundance of archaea was on the opposite.Organic-amendments increased the Shannon indices of archaea by 9.0%,while those of bacteria and fungi did not significantly change in 3/4CN+1/4MN and 2/4CN+2/4MN.At the phylum level of bacteria,organicamended treatments had higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria,and lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi than 4/4CN treatment.Among the main dominant fungal taxa,organic-amended treatments induced higher relative abundance of Ascomycota,Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota,and lower relative abundance of Basidiomycota.Among the main dominant archaea taxa,organic-amended treatments resulted in higher relative abundance of Euryarchaeota and Candidatus Bathyarchaeota,and lower relative abundance of Thaum archaeota.Principal component analysis showed that the archaea community composition was more sensitive to fertilization than bacterial and fungal community composition.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that organic carbon explained 22.3%,10.4%,and 36.0%of the variation in community structure of bacteria,fungi and archaea,respectively.RDA also showed that nitrate nitrogen explained 16.1%,8.9%and 34.7%of the variation in community structures of bacteria,fungi,and archaea,respectively.[Conclusions]Under the equal NPK input conditions,partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments increases the abundances of bacteria and fungi,decreases archaea abundance,influences soil dominant flora composition and increases soil microbial diversity.Nitrate nitrogen and organic carbon are the two main soil factors that influence the variation of soil bacteria,fungi and archaea community structures.The archaea community composition is more sensitive to fertilization than bacterial and fungal ones.Overall,the fertilization mode of 2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN leads to most diverse and abundant microbial community structure which is good for maintaining soil health and high-yield of vegetables.
作者
马龙
高伟
栾好安
唐继伟
李明悦
黄绍文
MA Long;GAO Wei;LUAN Hao-an;TANG Ji-wei;LI Ming-yue;HUANG Shao-wen(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin 300192,China;College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期403-416,共14页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-B02)
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0201001)。
关键词
设施菜田
施肥模式
宏基因组
有机替代
微生物群落结构
Alpha多样性
greenhouse vegetable production
fertilization mode
metagenome
organic substitution
microbial community structure
Alpha diversity
