摘要
随着白桦越来越多用途的发现,人们已不仅仅将其作为造林或庭院绿化树种,白桦木材的多用性、白桦提取物以及伴生菌类的药用价值,使得人们对白桦的需求日益增加。白桦虽然适应性广且生长迅速,但传统的育苗方式仍然受限于种子自身因素以及外界环境因素的影响,靠种子萌发等传统的育苗方式显然不能满足人们的需求,随着白桦育苗方式的发展,组织培养技术已经十分常见了。目前白桦的组织培养技术使人们能够得到大量的遗传品质优良的白桦材料,通过体细胞胚发生途径的组织培养技术得到的白桦幼苗其遗传特性更为稳定,不容易发生变异,成苗率较高。本文简述了白桦组织培养技术的优势并着重介绍其中的白桦体细胞胚发生技术的优点及该技术在国内外发展的过程,其中国内对白桦体细胞胚发生的研究较晚较少,主要篇幅讨论了外植体类型与基因型、培养基的选择、外源激素、外界环境条件(温度、光照)这些对白桦体细胞胚发生及植株再生产生影响的因素,在实验室研究中,主要通过改变培养基中外源激素的含量来不断调整愈伤组织的生长,最后总结了有利于白桦体细胞胚发生及植株再生的相关条件,并对控制二氧化碳在组培中的含量的技术应用到该领域得到更好的培养效果的前景作出展望,以期为今后的白桦的组织培养研究提供理论参考。
With the discovery of more and more application of birch,people have not only taken it as afforestation or garden afforestation tree species,the utility of birch wood,birch extract and the medicinal value of accompanying fungi,which makes people's demand for birch is increasing.Birch although wide adaptability and rapid growth,but the traditional way of seedling is still restricted by factors and the influence of external environment factors,the seed itself by traditional such as seed germination,seedling obviously can’t satisfy people’s demand,with the development of the way of birch seedlings,tissue culture technology has been very common,the birch tissue culture technology enable people to get a lot of genetic material of white birch and high quality is obtained by the tissue culture technology of somatic embryogenesis birch seedlings the genetic characteristics of a more stable,not easy to change,the rate is higher This paper briefly introduces the advantages of tissue culture technology of Betula platyphylla and focuses on the advantages of somatic embryogenesis technology of Betula platyphylla and the development process of this technology at home and abroad.The research on somatic embryogenesis of Betula platyphylla is relatively late in China,main space explant type is discussed and the selection of genotype medium exogenous hormone external environment conditions(temperature)illumination for birch factors that affect the somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration,in laboratory studies,mainly by changing the exogenous hormone content in culture medium to constantly adjust the growth of callus,and finally summarizes the benefit birch,somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration and the control technology of carbon dioxide content in the seed to the field to get a better training effect of the foreground outlook,so as to provide the theoretical reference to future research on tissue culture of birch.
作者
杨达
张兵
周旭
杨静莉
YANG Da;ZHANG Bing;ZHOU Xu;YANG Jing-li(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)
出处
《温带林业研究》
2021年第1期8-13,共6页
Journal of Temperate Forestry Research
基金
国家重点研发项目(2017YFD0600603)。
关键词
白桦
体细胞胚发生
植株再生
组织培养
birch
somatic embryogenesis
plant regeneration
tissue culture
